ABSTRACT
Human-robot interaction could be improved by designing robots that engage in adaptive dialogue with users. An adaptive robot could estimate the information needs of individuals and change its dialogue to suit these needs. We test the value of adaptive robot dialogue by experimentally comparing the effects of adaptation versus no adaptation on information exchange and social relations. In Experiment 1, a robot chef adapted to novices by providing detailed explanations of cooking tools; doing so improved information exchange for novice participants but did not influence experts. Experiment 2 added incentives for speed and accuracy and replicated the results from Experiment 1 with respect to information exchange. When the robot's dialogue was adapted for expert knowledge (names of tools rather than explanations), expert participants found the robot to be more effective, more authoritative, and less patronizing. This work suggests adaptation in human-robot interaction has consequences for both task performance and social cohesion. It also suggests that people may be more sensitive to social relations with robots when under task or time pressure.
- Atkinson, K. GNU Aspell. http://aspell.sourceforge.net.]]Google Scholar
- Bailenson, J. and Yee, N. Digital Chameleons: Automatic assimilation of nonverbal gestures in immersive virtual environments. Psychological Science, forthcoming (2005).]]Google Scholar
- Breazeal, C., Affective Interaction between Humans and Robots. in European Conference on Artificial Life, (2001), 582--591, Springer-Verlag.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- Breazeal, C., Brooks, A., Chilongo, D., Gray, J., Hoffman, G., Kidd, C., Lee, H., Lieberman, J. and Lockerd, A. Working Collaboratively with Humanoid Robots. (2004).]]Google Scholar
- Canary, D.J. and Spitzberg, B.H. Appropriateness and effectiveness perceptions of conflict strategies. Human Communication Research, 14 (1987), 93--118.]]Google ScholarCross Ref
- Clark, H. and Wilkes-Gibbes, D. Referring as a collaborative process. Cognition, 22 (1986), 1--39.]]Google ScholarCross Ref
- Clark, H.H. Using Language. Cambridge University Press, 1996.]]Google Scholar
- Fong, T., Nourbakhsh, I. and Dautenhahn, K. A survey of socially interactive robots. Robotics and Autonomous Systems, 42 (2003), 143--166.]]Google ScholarCross Ref
- Fussell, S. and Krauss, R. Coordination of knowledge in communication: Effects of speakers' assumptions about what others know. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62, 378--391 (1992).]]Google ScholarCross Ref
- Fussell, S. and Krauss, R. Understanding friends and strangers: The effects of audience design on message comprehension. European Journal of Social Psychology, 21 (1989), 445--454.]]Google ScholarCross Ref
- Galinsky, A., Ku, G. and Wang, C. Perspective-Taking and Self-Other Overlap: Fostering Social Bonds and Facilitating Social Coordination. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 8, 2 (2005), 109--124.]]Google ScholarCross Ref
- Giles, H., Coupland, N. and Coupland, J. Accommodation theory: Communication, context, and consequence. in Giles, H., Coupland, J. and Coupland, N. eds. Contexts of accommodation: developments in applied sociolinguistics, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1991, 1--68.]]Google Scholar
- Gockley, R., Bruce, A., Forlizzi, J., Michalowski, M., Mundell, A., Rosenthal, S., Sellner, B., Simmons, R., Snipes, K., Schultz, A.C. and Wang, J., Designing robots for long-term social interaction. in IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, (2005), 2199--2204.]]Google ScholarCross Ref
- Goffman, E. On face-work: An analysis of ritual elements in social interaction. Psychiatry, 19 (1955), 213--231.]]Google ScholarCross Ref
- Holtgraves, T. Face management and politeness. in Holtgraves, T. ed. Language as Social Action: Social Psychology and Language, Lawrence Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ, 2002, 37--63.]]Google Scholar
- Isaacs, E. and Clark, H. References in conversation between experts and novices. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 116 (1987), 26--37.]]Google ScholarCross Ref
- Kanda, T., Hirano, T. and Eaton, D. Interactive robots as social partners and peer tutors for children: A field trial. Human Computer Interaction, 19 (2004), 61--84.]]Google ScholarDigital Library
- Lenzo, K.A. and Black, A.W. Cepstral. http://www.cepstral.com.]]Google Scholar
- Litman, D.J. and Pan, S., Empirically Evaluating an Adaptable Spoken Dialogue System. in 7th International Conference on User Modeling, (Banff, Canada, 1999), 55--64.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- McCrosky, J.C. Scales for the measurement of ethos. Speech Monographs, 33 (1966), 65--72.]]Google ScholarCross Ref
- Moore, J., Foster, M.E., Lemon, O. and White, M., Generating Tailored, Comparative Descriptions in Spoken Dialogue. in 17th International Florida Artificial Intelligence Research Society Conference, (2004), AAAI Press.]]Google Scholar
- Nass, C. and Brave, S. Wired for Speech: How Voice Activates and Advances the Human-Computer Relationship. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 2005.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- Nass, C. and Lee, K.M. Does computer-synthesized speech manifest personality? Experimental tests of recognition, similarity-attraction, and consistency-attraction. Journal of Experimental Psychology Applied, 7 (2001), 171--181.]]Google ScholarCross Ref
- Nourbakhsh, I.R., Bobenage, J., Grange, S., Lutz, R., Meyer, R. and Soto, A. An affective mobile robot educator with a full-time job. Artificial Intelligence, 114, 1-2 (1999), 95--124.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- Pineau, J., Montemerlo, M., Pollack, M., Roy, N. and Thrun, S., Towards robotic assistants in nursing homes: challenges and results. in Workshop on Robot as Partner: An Exploration of Social Robots, IEEE International Conference on Robots and Systems, (Lausanne, Switzerland, 2002), IEEE.]]Google Scholar
- Powers, A., Kramer, A., Lim, S., Kuo, J., Lee, S.-l. and Kiesler, S., Eliciting Information from People with a Gendered Humanoid Robot. in IEEE International Workshop on Robots and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN), (2005), 158--163.]]Google ScholarCross Ref
- Schober, M. and Brennan, S. Processes of interactive spoken discourse: The role of the partner. in Graesser, A., Gernsbacher, M. and Goldman, S. eds. The Handbook of Discourse Processes, Lawrence Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ, 2003, 123--164.]]Google Scholar
- Schober, M. and Clark, H. Understanding by addressees and overhearers. Cognitive Psychology, 21 (1989), 211--232.]]Google ScholarCross Ref
- Sidner, C. and Lee, C. Robots as Laboratory Hosts Interactions, 2005, 16--24.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- Trafton, J.G., Cassimatis, N.L., Bugajska, M.D., Brock, D.P., Mintz, F.E. and Schultz, A.C. Enabling Effective Human-Robot Interaction Using Perspective-Taking in Robots. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics--Part A: Systems and Humans, 35, 4 (2005), 460--470.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- Wallace, R. A.L.I.C.E. ALICE Artificial Intelligence Foundation. http://www.alicebot.org.]]Google Scholar
- Warner, R.M. and Sugarman, D.B. Attributions of personality based on physical appearance, speech, and handwriting. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (1986), 792--799.]]Google ScholarCross Ref
- Weimann, J.M. Explication and test of a model of communicative competence. Human Communication Research, 3 (1977), 195--213.]]Google ScholarCross Ref
Index Terms
- Effects of adaptive robot dialogue on information exchange and social relations
Recommendations
Applying politeness maxims in social robotics polite dialogue
HRI '12: Proceedings of the seventh annual ACM/IEEE international conference on Human-Robot InteractionAn important element of human-robot interaction, as with inter-human interaction, is conversation. Having previously suggested the Gricean maxims as suitable guidelines for social robotics dialogue, we discovered that a preferable alternative set of ...
Miscommunication Detection and Recovery in Situated Human–Robot Dialogue
Even without speech recognition errors, robots may face difficulties interpreting natural-language instructions. We present a method for robustly handling miscommunication between people and robots in task-oriented spoken dialogue. This capability is ...
Exploring adaptive dialogue based on a robot's awareness of human gaze and task progress
HRI '07: Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE international conference on Human-robot interactionWhen a robot provides direction--as a guide, an assistant, or as an instructor--the robot may have to interact with people of different backgrounds and skill sets. Different people require informat on adapted to their level of understanding. In this ...
Comments