Abstract
Handheld displays leave little space for the visualization and navigation of spatial layouts representing rich information spaces. The most common navigation method for handheld displays is static peephole navigation: The peephole is static and we move the spatial layout behind it (scrolling). A more natural method is dynamic peephole navigation: here, the spatial layout is static and we move the peephole across it. In the experiment reported here, we compared dynamic and static peephole navigation in otherwise similar conditions. Subjects viewed a spatial layout containing two lines on a static display screen. Only a part of the screen---the peephole---was visible. Subjects had to discriminate line length by either moving a dynamic peephole across a static layout of the lines or by moving a dynamic layout behind a static peephole. In both conditions, they used mouse-cursor control to move either the peephole or the lines.Results show significant differences in discrimination performance between conditions when lines are larger than the size of the peephole. Discrimination thresholds for static peephole navigation were 50--75% higher than for dynamic peephole navigation. Furthermore, static peephole navigation took 24% more time than dynamic peephole navigation.
- Bakker, N. H., Passenier, P. O., and Werkhoven, P. J. 2003. The effects of head-slaved navigation and the use of teleports on spatial orientation in virtual environments (VE). Human Factors 45, 160--169.Google Scholar
- Cockburn, A. and McKenzie, B. 2001. 3D or not 3D? Evaluating the effect of the third dimension in a document management system. In Proceedings of the Computer-Human Interaction Conference. Seattle, 434--441. Google Scholar
- Fitzmaurice, G. W., Zhai, S., and Chignell, M. H. 1993. Virtual reality for palm computers. ACM Trans. Inf. Syst. 11, 197--218. Google Scholar
- Green, D. M. and Swets, J. A. 1966. Signal Detection Theory and Psychophysics. John Wiley and Sons, New York.Google Scholar
- Guiard, Y., Beaudouin-Lafon, M., Bastin, J., Pasveer, D., and Zhai, S. 2004. View size and pointing difficulty in multi-scale navigation. In Proceedings of the Advanced Visual Interfaces (AVI) Conference, May 25--28. Google Scholar
- Luce, R. D. and Galanter, E. 1963. In Handbook of Mathematical Psychology, vol. 1, R. D. Luce et al., Eds. Wiley, New York, 191--243.Google Scholar
- Nguyen, G. P. and Worring, M. 2004. Optimizing similarity-based visualization in content-based image retrieval. In Proceedings of the IEEE ICME Special Session Novel Techniques for Browsing in Large Multimedia Collections Conference. Taipei, Taiwan.Google Scholar
- Norman, J. F., Todd, J. T., Perotti, V. J., and Tittle, J. S. 1996. The visual perception of three-dimensional length. J. Experi. Psych.: Human Perception Perform., 22, 173--186.Google Scholar
- Robertson, G., Czerwinski, M., Larson, K., Robbins, D. C., Thiel, D., and Van Dantzich, M. 1998. Data mountain: Using spatial memory for document management. In Proceedings of Conference UIST, 153--162. Google Scholar
- Sutherland, I. 1968. The ultimate display. In Proceedings of the IFIP Congress 2, 506--508.Google Scholar
- Wagner, M. 1985. The metric of visual space. Perception and Psychophys. 38, 483--495.Google Scholar
- Weber, E. H. 1965. On Weber's law, 1834. In A Source Book in the History of Psychology, R. J. Herrnstem and E. G. Borings, Eds. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 64--66.Google Scholar
- Werkhoven, P. and Snippe, H. P. 1996. An efficient adaptive procedure for psychophysical discrimination experiments. Behav. Res. Meth. Instruments Comput. 28, 556--562.Google Scholar
- Yee, K. 2003. Peephole displays: Pen interaction on spatially aware handheld computers. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer-Human Interaction. Google Scholar
Index Terms
- Navigating on handheld displays: Dynamic versus static peephole navigation
Recommendations
3D Freehand Gestural Navigation for Interactive Public Displays
Users increasingly expect more-interactive experiences with public displays for applications including learning, gaming, urban visualization, and planning. However, user interaction with applications on public displays is challenging and often doesn't ...
Sensing-based interaction for information navigation on handheld displays
MobileHCI '07: Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Human computer interaction with mobile devices and servicesInformation navigation on handheld displays is characterized by the small display dimensions and limited input capabilities of today's mobile devices. Special strategies are required to help users navigate to off-screen content and develop awareness of ...
Map navigation with mobile devices: virtual versus physical movement with and without visual context
ICMI '07: Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Multimodal interfacesA user study was conducted to compare the performance of three methods for map navigation with mobile devices. These methods are joystick navigation, the dynamic peephole method without visual context, and the magic lens paradigm using external visual ...
Comments