Gabriel Schulhof
Abstract
We analyze the behavior of quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) building blocks in the presence of random cell displacements. The QCA cells are modeled using the coherence vector description and simulated using QCADesigner. We evaluate various fundamental circuits: the wire, the inverter, the majority gate, and the two-wire crossing approaches: the coplanar crossover and the multilayer crossover. Our results show that different building blocks have different displacement tolerances. The coplanar crossover and inverter perform the weakest. The wire is the most robust. We have found displacement tolerances to be a function of circuit layout and geometry rather than cell size.
- Blair, E. P. 2003. Tools for the design and simulation of clocked molecular quantum-dot cellular automata circuits. Tech. rep., University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN.Google Scholar
- Gin, A., Tougaw, P. D., and Williams, S. 1999. An alternative geometry for quantum-dot cellular automata. J. Appl. Phys. 85, 12 (June), 8281--8286.Google Scholar
- Gupta, P., Jha, N. K., and Lingappan, L. 2006. Test generation for combinational quantum cellular automata (qca) circuits. In Proceedings of the Conference on Design, Automation and Test in Europe (DATE '06). Leuven, Belgium. European Design and Automation Association, 311--316. Google Scholar
- Huang, J., Momenzadeh, M., Tahoori, M. B., and Lombardi, F. 2004. Defect characterization for scaling of QCA devices. In Proceedings of the 19th IEEE International Symposium on Defect and Fault Tolerance in VLSI Systems. Google Scholar
- Imre, A., Csaba, G., Ji, L., Orlov, A., Bernstein, G. H., and Porod, W. 2006. Majority logic gate for magnetic quantum-dot cellular automata. Science 311, 5758, 205--208.Google Scholar
- Jiao, J., Long, G. J., Grandjean, F., Beatty, A. M., and Fehlner, T. P. 2003. Building blocks for the molecular expression of quantum cellular automata. isolation and characterization of a covalently bonded square array of two ferrocenium and two ferrocene complexes. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125, 25, 7522--7523.Google Scholar
- Lent, C. S. 1993. Quantum cellular automata. Nanotechnology 4, 49--57.Google Scholar
- Lent, C. S. and Isaksen, B. 2003. Clocked molecular quantum-dot cellular automata. IEEE Trans. Electron Devices 50, 9, 1890--1896.Google Scholar
- Lent, C. S., Isaksen, B., and Lieberman, M. 2003. Molecular quantum-dot cellular automata. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125, 1056--1063.Google Scholar
- Lent, C. S. and Tougaw, P. D. 1997. A device architecture for computing with quantum dots. Proceedings of IEEE 85, 4 (April), 541--557.Google Scholar
- Lu, Y. and Lent, C. S. 2005. Theoretical study of molecular quantum-dot cellular automata. J. Comput. Elec. 4, 115--118.Google Scholar
- Macucci, M., Gattobigio, M., Bonci, L., Iannaccone, G., Prins, F. E., Single, C., Wetekam, G., and Kern, D. P. 2004. A QCA cell in silicon-on-insulator technology: theory and experiment. Superlatt. Microstruct. 34, 3 (Sept.), 205--211.Google Scholar
- Mahler, G. and Weberrüs, V. A. 1998. Quantum Networks: Dynamics of Open Nanostructures. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany.Google Scholar
- Orlov, A. O., Kummamuru, R. K., Ramasubramaniam, R., Lent, C. S., Berstein, G. H., and Snider, G. L. 2003. Clocked quantum-dot cellular automata shift register. Surf. Sci. 532--535, 1193--1198.Google Scholar
- Tahoori, M. B., Huang, J., Momenzadeh, M., and Lombardi, F. 2004. Testing of quantum cellular automata. IEEE Trans. Nano. 3, 4 (Dec.), 432--442. Google Scholar
- Tahoori, M. B., Momenzadeh, M., Huang, J., and Lombardi, F. 2004. Defects and faults in quantum cellular automata at nano scale. In Proceedings of the 22nd IEEE VLSI Test Symposium. Washington, DC. IEEE Computer Society, 291. Google Scholar
- Timler, J. and Lent, C. S. 2002. Power gain and dissipation in quantum-dot cellular automata. J. Appl. Phys. 91, 2 (Jan.), 823--831.Google Scholar
- Timler, J. and Lent, C. S. 2003. Maxwell's demon and quantum-dot cellular automata. J. Appl. Phys. 94, 2 (July), 1050--1060.Google Scholar
- Tóth, G. 2000. Correlation and coherence in quantum-dot cellular automata. Ph.D. thesis, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556.Google Scholar
- Tougaw, P. D. and Lent, C. S. 1996. Dynamic behavior of quantum cellular automata. J. Appl. Phys. 80, 8 (Oct.), 4722--4735.Google Scholar
- Walus, K. and Jullien, G. A. 2006. Design tools for an emerging soc technology: quantum-dot cellular automata. Proceedings of IEEE 94, 6 (June), 1225--1244.Google Scholar
- Walus, K., Mazur, M., Schulhof, G., and Jullien, G. A. 2005. Simple 4-bit processor based on quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA). In Proceedings of Application Specific Architectures, and Processors Conference. 288--293. Google Scholar
- Walus, K. and Schulhof, G. 2001. QCADesigner Homepage. http://www.qcadesigner.ca/.Google Scholar
- Walus, K., Schulhof, G., and Jullien, G. A. 2004. High level exploration of quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA). In Proceedings of IEEE Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers.Google Scholar
- Walus, K., Schulhof, G., Zhang, R., Wang, W., and Jullien, G. A. 2004. Circuit design based on majority gates for applications with quantum-dot cellular automata. In Proceedings of IEEE Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers.Google Scholar
- Wang, W., Walus, K., and Jullien, G. A. 2003. Quantum-dot cellular automata adders. In Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Nanotechnology.Google Scholar
Index Terms
- Simulation of random cell displacements in QCA
Recommendations
An efficient design of full adder in quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) technology
The full adder circuit is a basic unit in digital arithmetic and logic circuits. In this paper an improved full adder in QCA technology is proposed. This design is considerably declined in terms of cell numbers and area, compared to other full adders ...
Realizing Reversible Computing in QCA Framework Resulting in Efficient Design of Testable ALU
Special Issue on Computational Synthetic Biology and Regular PapersReversible logic is emerging as a prospective logic design style for implementing ultra-low-power VLSI circuits. It promises low-power consuming circuits by nullifying the energy dissipation in irreversible logic. On the other hand, as a potential ...
Robust and efficient QCA cell-based nanostructures of elementary reversible logic gates
Increasing device density and reducing energy consumption are challenging issues in integrated nanoscale circuits. Reversible logic in quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) nanotechnology is emerging as a promising candidate to overcome these issues and ...
Comments