Abstract
This paper presents ZigZag, an 802.11 receiver design that combats hidden terminals. ZigZag's core contribution is a new form of interference cancellation that exploits asynchrony across successive collisions. Specifically, 802.11 retransmissions, in the case of hidden terminals, cause successive collisions. These collisions have different interference-free stretches at their start, which ZigZag exploits to bootstrap its decoding.
ZigZag makes no changes to the 802.11 MAC and introduces no overhead when there are no collisions. But, when senders collide, ZigZag attains the same throughput as if the colliding packets were a priori scheduled in separate time slots. We build a prototype of ZigZag in GNU Radio. In a testbed of 14 USRP nodes, ZigZag reduces the average packet loss rate at hidden terminals from 72.6% to about 0.7%.
- Broadcom Wireless LAN Adapter User Guide.Google Scholar
- Reference Manual for the NETGEAR ProSafe 802.11g Wireless AP WG102.Google Scholar
- ISL3873: Wireless LAN Integrated Medium Access Controller with Baseband Processor, 2000.Google Scholar
- J. Andrews. Interference cancellation for cellular systems: A contemporary overview. IEEE Wireless Communications, 2005. Google ScholarDigital Library
- V. Bharghavan, A. J. Demers, S. Shenker, and L. Zhang. MACAW: A Media Access Protocol for Wireless LAN's. In ACM SIGCOMM 1994. Google ScholarDigital Library
- D. G. Brennan. On the Maximal Signal-to-Noise Ratio Realizable from Several Noisy Signals. Proc. IRE, 43:1530, October 1955.Google Scholar
- P. Castoldi. Multiuser Detection in CDMA Mobile Terminals. Artech house Publishers, 2002. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Y.-C. Cheng, J. Bellardo, P. Benk, A. C. Snoeren, G. M. Voelker, and S. Savage. Jigsaw: solving the puzzle of enterprise 802.11 analysis. In SIGCOMM, 2006. Google ScholarDigital Library
- G. FSF. GNU Radio - GNU FSF Project.Google Scholar
- C. L. Fullmer and J. J. Garcia-Luna-Aceves. Solutions to Hidden Terminal Problems in Wireless Networks. In SIGCOMM, pages 39--49, 1997. Google ScholarDigital Library
- R. G. Gallager. A Perspective on Multiaccess Channels. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, IT-31(2), march 1985.Google Scholar
- S. Gollakota and D. Katabi. Zigzag decoding: Combating hidden terminals in wireless networks. Technical Report MIT-CSAIL-TR-2008-018, MIT, 2008.Google ScholarDigital Library
- R. Gummadi, D. Wetherall, B. Greenstein, and S. Seshan. Understanding and Mitigating the Impact of RF Interference on 802.11 Networks. In SIGCOMM, 2007. Google ScholarDigital Library
- D. Halperin, J. Ammer, T. Anderson, and D. Wetherall. Interference Cancellation: Better Receivers for a New Wireless MAC. In Hotnets, 2007.Google Scholar
- D. Halperin, T. Anderson, and D.Wetherall. Practical interference cancellation for wireless lans. In Proc. of ACM MOBICOM 2008. Google ScholarDigital Library
- J. Hou, J. Smee, H. D. Pfister, and S. Tomasin. Implementing Interference Cancellation to Increase the EV-DO Rev A Reverse Link Capacity. IEEE Communication Magazine, February 2006. Google ScholarDigital Library
- E. Inc. Universal software radio peripheral. http://ettus.com.Google Scholar
- G. Judd and P. Steenkiste. Using Emulation to Understand and Improve Wireless Networks and Applications. In NSDI, 2005. Google ScholarDigital Library
- P. Karn. MACA-A New Channel Access Method for packet Radio. 9th Computer Networking Conf., 1990.Google Scholar
- S. Katti, S. Gollakota, and D. Katabi. Embracing Wireless Interference: Analog Network Coding. In ACM SIGCOMM, 2007. Google ScholarDigital Library
- S. Khurana, A. Kahol, and A. P. Jayasumana. Effect of Hidden Terminals on the Performance of IEEE 802.11 MAC Protocol, 1998. Google ScholarDigital Library
- E. A. Lee and D. G. Messerschmitt. Digital Communications. Boston: Kluwer Academic, 1988.Google Scholar
- J. Lee, W. Kim, S.-J. Lee, D. Jo, J. Ryu, T. Kwon, and Y. Choi. An Experimental Study on the Capture Effect in 802.11a Networks, 2007. Google ScholarDigital Library
- H. Meyr, M. Moeneclaey, and S. A. Fechtel. Digital Communication Receivers: Synchronization, Channel Estimation, and Signal Processing. John Wiley & Sons, 1998. Google ScholarDigital Library
- A. Muqattash and M. Krunz. CDMA-Based MAC Protocol for Wireless Ad Hoc Networks. In ACM MOBIHOC, 2003. Google ScholarDigital Library
- P. C. Ng, S. C. Liew, K. C. Sha, and W. T. To. Experimental Study of Hidden node Problem in IEEE 802.11 Wireless Networks. In Sigcomm Poster, 2005.Google Scholar
- C. Reis, R. Mahajan, M. Rodrig, D. Wetherall, and J. Zahorjan. Measurement-Based Models of Delivery and Interference. In SIGCOMM, 2006. Google ScholarDigital Library
- J. K. Tan. An Adaptive Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Baseband Modem for Wideband Wireless Channels. Master's thesis, MIT, 2006.Google Scholar
- D. Tse and P. Vishwanath. Fundamentals of Wireless Communications. Cambridge University Press, 2005. Google ScholarDigital Library
- D. Tse, P. Viswanath, and L. Zheng. Diversity-Multiplexing Tradeoff in Multiple Access Channels.Google Scholar
- IEEE Transaction on Information Theory, 2004.Google Scholar
- S. Verdu. Multiuser Detection. Cambridge University Press, 1998. Google ScholarDigital Library
- A. J. Viterbi. Very Low Rate Convolutional Codes for Maximum Theoretical Performance of Spread-Spectrum Multiple-Access Channels. IEEE JSAC, May 1990.Google Scholar
- C. Ware, J. Judge, J. Chicharo, and E. Dutkiewicz. Unfairness and capture behaviour in 802.11 adhoc networks. volume 1, pages 159--163 vol.1, 2000.Google Scholar
- I. . WG. Wireless lan medium access control (mac) and physical layer (phy) specifications. Standard Specification,IEEE, 1999.Google Scholar
- G. Woo, P. Kheradpour, and D. Katabi. Beyond the Bits: Cooperative Packet Recovery Using PHY Information. In ACM MobiCom, 2007. Google ScholarDigital Library
- K. Xu, M. Gerla, , and S. Bae. Effectiveness of RTS/CTS Handshake in IEEE 802.11 Based Ad Hoc Networks. In Ad Hoc Network Journal, 2003.Google ScholarCross Ref
- J. Zhu, X. Guo, S. Roy, and K. Papagiannaki. CSMA Self-Adaptation based on Interference Differentiation. In IEEE Globecom, 2007.Google ScholarCross Ref
Index Terms
- Zigzag decoding: combating hidden terminals in wireless networks
Recommendations
Zigzag decoding: combating hidden terminals in wireless networks
SIGCOMM '08: Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2008 conference on Data communicationThis paper presents ZigZag, an 802.11 receiver design that combats hidden terminals. ZigZag's core contribution is a new form of interference cancellation that exploits asynchrony across successive collisions. Specifically, 802.11 retransmissions, in ...
Throughput Improvement of IEEE802.11DCF with Adaptive RTS/CTS Control on the Basis of Existence of Hidden Terminals
CISIS '11: Proceedings of the 2011 International Conference on Complex, Intelligent, and Software Intensive SystemsIEEE802.11 RTS/CTS handshake to avoid a packet collision with the transmissions from hidden terminals. Although RTS/CTS handshake effectively reduces packet collisions with hidden terminals, it also increases transmission overhead of IEEE802.11. In this ...
An iterative zigzag decoding for combating collisions in wireless networks
Business and entertainment increasingly depend on WLANs, as they provide flexibility of locations and low maintenance efforts. However in the presence of hidden terminals sender-receiver pairs experience severe packet loss due to collisions. ZigZag ...
Comments