skip to main content
10.1145/1456659.1456685acmotherconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PageshtConference Proceedingsconference-collections
research-article

Investigating the viability of scroll-wheel interfaced mobile phones for text entry

Authors Info & Claims
Published:06 October 2008Publication History

ABSTRACT

Increasingly mobile device applications are requiring users to perform text-intensive tasks, such as text messaging, thus creating a demand for more efficient and easier text entry methods. The current diversity of mobile phones come with an equally diverse array of text entry hardware (e.g. keypads, scroll wheels etc) and supporting algorithms (e.g. T9 [24]). The Nokia 7380 mobile phone has abandoned the traditional 12-button keypad for that of a scroll wheel via which all text entry is required. Unfortunately, this has resulted in a diminished text entry speed when compared to traditional keypad text entry methods. This study aims to investigate the viability of using a scroll wheel interfaced mobile phone with a new predictive text entry algorithm to improve text entry speeds and accuracy with the device. Investigations were conducted via simulations and it was found that the new algorithm gave a 50% increase in text entry speed when compared to the existing text entry method on this device.

References

  1. Beare, K. 2007. 1000 Most Common Vocabulary Words in English. {cited 2008 12 June}; Available from: About.com. http://esl.about.com/library/vocabulary/bl1000_list1.htm.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  2. Bedlow, R. 2008. Blurring the lines in Mobile World Congress Daily. Published on 14 February 2008.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  3. Bellman, T. and MacKenzie, I. S. 1998. A probabilistic character layout strategy for mobile text entry. in Proceedings of Graphics Interface 1998: Canadian Inf Process Society.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  4. Block, R. 2006. Eleksen's new ElekTex Bluetooth fabric keyboard. {cited 2008 12 June}; Available from: Engadget. http://www.engadget.com/2006/01/16/eleksens-new-elektex-bluetooth-fabric-keeyboard/.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  5. Catanzariti, R. 2006. Nokia 7380. {cited 2008 12 June}; Available from: Good Gear Guide. http://www.goodgearguide.com.au/index.php/taxid;2136212598;pid;1555;pt;1.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  6. Eatoni Staff. 2000. A Survey of Alternate Text-Entry Methods. {cited 2008 12 June}; Available from: Eatoni Ergonomics. Online report: http://www.eatoni.com/research/alternates.pdf.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  7. Flesch, R. 1948. A new readability yardstick. Journal of Applied Psychology. 32: p. 221--233.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  8. Fukumoto, M. and Tonomura, Y. 1997. Body Coupled Fingering. in Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI'97): ACM Press. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  9. Gibbs, M. 1993. Handwriting recognition: a comprehensive comparison. Pen. (March/April): p. 31--35.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  10. Gough, N. and Grezo, C. 2005. Africa: The Impact of Mobile Phones. Vodafone. The Vodafone Policy Paper Series, Number:2.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  11. GSM World. 2008. GSM World -the website of the GSM Association. {cited 2008 12 June}; Available from: GSM. http://www.gsmworld.com/index.shtml.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  12. Hirotaka, N. 2003. Reassessing current cell phone designs: using thumb input effectively, in Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI'03). ACM: Ft. Lauderdale, USA. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  13. i-Tech. 2008. i-Tech's Virtual Keyboard - A laser projected full-sized virtual QWERTY keyboard. {cited 2008 12 June}; Available from: i-Tech. http://www.virtual-laser-keyboard.com/.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  14. ISO/IEC 995 8. 1994. Information systems - Keyboard layouts for text and office systems - Part 8: Allocation of letters to the keys of a numeric keypad. International Organisation for Standardisation.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  15. James, C. L. and Reischel, K. M. 2001. Text Input for Mobile Devices: Comparing Model Prediction to Actual Performance. in Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI'01): ACM Press. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  16. Lia, s. 2006. Review: Nokia 7380. {cited 2008 12 June}; Available from: InfoSync. http://www.infosyncworld.com/reviews/n/6472.html.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  17. Lutonsky, M. 2006. Nokia 7380 review: weird and stylish. {cited 2008 12 June}; Available from: GSM Arena: http://www.gsmarena.com/nokia_7380-review-64.php.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  18. MacKenzie, I. S. 2002. KSPC (Keystrokes per Character) as a Characteristic of Text Entry Techniques. Human Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices. 2411: p. 195--210. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  19. MacKenzie, I. S. and Soukoreff, R. W. 2002. Text entry for mobile computing: models and methods, theory and practice. Human Computer Interaction. 17: p. 147--198.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  20. MacKenzie, I. S. and Zhang, S. X. 1999. The design and evaluation of a high performance soft keyboard. in Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI'99). New York, USA: ACM Press. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  21. Mackenzie, S. 2002. Mobile Text Entry Using Three Keys. in NordCHI 2002. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  22. Matias, E., MacKenzie, I. S., and Buxton, W. 1996. One handed touch typing on a Qwerty keyboard. Human-Computer Interaction. 11: p. 1--27. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  23. Minges, M. 2001. Mobile Internet for Developing Countries. in INET 2001. Stockholm, Sweden: Internet Society (ISOC).Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  24. Nuance Communications, I. 2007. T9 Text Input. {cited 2008 11 June}; Available from: Nuance Communications, Inc, http://www.t9.com.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  25. Oniszczak, A. and Mackenzie, S. 2004. A Comparison of Two Input Methods for Keypads on Mobile Devices. in NordCHI. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  26. Palm. 2008. Palm Store - Palm Wireless Keyboard with Bluetooth Wireless Technology. {cited 2008 12 June}; Available from: Palm. http://store.palm.com/product/index.jsp?productId=2662538&cp=&keywords=wireless+keyboard&searchId=35664139964&parentPage=search.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  27. Proschowsky, M., Schultz, N., and Jacobsen, N. E. 2006. An intuitive text input method for touch wheels. in Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in computing systems (CHI'06). Montreal, Canada: ACM. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  28. Shannon, C. E. 1951. Prediction and entropy of printed English. Bell System Technical Journal. 30: p. 51--64.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  29. Shneiderman, B. 2000. The limits of speech recognition. Communications of the ACM. 43(9): p. 63--65. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  30. Silfverberg, M. 2003. Using Mobile Keypads with Limited Visual Feedback: Implications to Handheld and Wearable Devices. Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services. 2795: p. 76--90.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  31. Soukoreff, R. W. and MacKenzie, I. S. 2001. Measuring Errors in Text Entry Tasks: An Application of the Levenshtein String Distance Statistic in Extended Abstracts of CHI'01: ACM Press. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  32. Soukoreff, W. and Mackenzie, S. 2003. Metrics for text entry research: An evaluation of MSD and KSPC, and a new unified error metric. in CHI 2003. Fort Lauderdale, USA. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  33. Soukoreff, W. and Mackenzie, S. 2004. Recent Developments in Text-Entry Error Rate Measurement. in CHI 2004. Vienna, Austria. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  34. Tarasewich, P. 2003. Evaluation of Thumbwheel Text Entry Methods. in Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI'03) Extended Abstracts. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  35. Ward, D., Blackwell, A. F., and MacKay, D. J. C. 2002. Dasher: A Gesture-Driven Data Entry Interface for Mobile Computing. Human Computer Interaction. 17(2): p. 199--228.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  36. Wigdor, D. and Balakrishnan, D. 2004. A comparison of consecutive and concurrent input text entry techniques for mobile phones, in Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI'04). ACM: Vienna, Austria. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  37. Wireless Intelligence. 2008. Market Insight: Africa in Mobile World Congress Daily. Published on 14 February 2008.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  38. Zhai, S., Hunter, M., and Smith, B. A. 2000. The Metropolis keyboard: an exploration of quantitative techniques for virtual keyboard design. in Proceedings of the UIST 2000 Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology. New York, USA: ACM Press. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library

Index Terms

  1. Investigating the viability of scroll-wheel interfaced mobile phones for text entry

        Recommendations

        Comments

        Login options

        Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

        Sign in
        • Published in

          cover image ACM Other conferences
          SAICSIT '08: Proceedings of the 2008 annual research conference of the South African Institute of Computer Scientists and Information Technologists on IT research in developing countries: riding the wave of technology
          October 2008
          304 pages
          ISBN:9781605582863
          DOI:10.1145/1456659

          Copyright © 2008 ACM

          Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

          Publisher

          Association for Computing Machinery

          New York, NY, United States

          Publication History

          • Published: 6 October 2008

          Permissions

          Request permissions about this article.

          Request Permissions

          Check for updates

          Qualifiers

          • research-article

          Acceptance Rates

          Overall Acceptance Rate187of439submissions,43%
        • Article Metrics

          • Downloads (Last 12 months)7
          • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)1

          Other Metrics

        PDF Format

        View or Download as a PDF file.

        PDF

        eReader

        View online with eReader.

        eReader