skip to main content
research-article

SHARPE at the age of twenty two

Published:25 March 2009Publication History
Skip Abstract Section

Abstract

This paper discusses the modeling tool called SHARPE (Symbolic Hierarchical Automated Reliability and Performance Evaluator), a general hierarchical modeling tool that analyzes stochastic models of reliability, availability, performance, and performability. It allows the user to choose the number of levels of models, the type of model at each level, and which results from each model level are to act as which parameters in which higher-level models. SHARPE includes algorithms for analysis of fault trees, reliability block diagrams, acyclic series-parallel graphs, acyclic and cyclic Markov and semi-Markov models, generalized stochastic Petri nets, and closed single- and multi-chain product-form queueing networks. For many of these, the user can choose among alternative algorithms, and can decide whether to get a result in the form of a distribution function (symbolic in the time variable) or as a mean or probability. SHARPE has been useful to students, practicing engineers, and researchers. In this paper we discuss the history of SHARPE, give some examples of its use, and talk about some lessons learned.

References

  1. J. Aidemark, P. Folkesson, and J. Karlsson. Framework for node-level fault tolerance in distributed real-time systems. DSN 2005, 2005. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  2. A. Avritzer, A. Bondi, M. Grottke, K. Trivedi, and E. Weyuker. Performance assurance via software rejuvenation: monitoring, statistics and algorithms. In Proc. International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks, 2006. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  3. J.B. Bowles and J. Gregory Dobbins. Approximate reliability and availability models for high availability and fault-tolerant systems with repair. In Quality and Reliability Engineering International, 2004.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  4. G.A. Chaparro-Baquero, N.G. Santiago, W. Rivera, and J. Fernando Vega-Riveros. Petri net workflow modeling for digital publishing measuring quantitative dependability attributes. In Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. on Dependable Autonomic and Secure Computing, 2006. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  5. D. Chen, S. Dharmaraja, D. Chen, K. Trivedi L. Li, R. Some, and A. Nikora. Reliability and availability analysis for the jpl remote exploration and experimentation system. In Proc. International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks, 2002. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  6. I. Chen, T. Chen, and C. Lee. Agent-based forwarding strategies for reducing location management cost in mobile networks. Mobile Network Applications, 2001. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  7. G. Ciardo, A. Blakemore, P.F. Chimento, J. Muppala, and K. Trivedi. Automated generation and analysis of markov reward models using stochastic reward nets. In C. Meyer and R. Plemmons, editors, Linear Algebra and Markov Chains and Queueing Models, IMA Volumes in Mathematics and its Applications, volume 48. Springer-Verlag, 1992.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  8. S. Dharmaraja, K. Trivedi, and D. Logothetis. Performance modelling of wireless networks with generally distributed hand-off interarrival times. Computer Communications Journal, 2003. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  9. J.B. Dugan, K. Trivedi, M. Smotherman, and R. Geist. The Hybrid Automated Reliability Predictor. AIAA J. Guidance, Control and Dynamics, 1986.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  10. J. Gafsi and E. Biersack. Modeling and performance comparison of reliability strategies for distributed video servers. IEEE Trans. Parallel Distributed System, 2000. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  11. S. Garg, Y. Huang, C. Kintala, K. Trivedi, and S. Yajnik. Performance and reliability evaluation of passive replication schemes in application level fault tolerance. Proc. International Symposium on Fault Tolerant Computing (FTCS), 1999. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  12. A. Goyal, W.C. Carter, E. de Souza e Silva, S. Lavenberg, and K. Trivedi. The system availability estimator. In Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. on Fault-Tolerant Computing, 1986.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  13. P. Heegaard and K. Trivedi. Survivability quantification of communication services. IEEE Symp. on Dependable Systems and Networks, 2008.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  14. P. Heidelberger, J. Muppala, and K. Trivedi. Accelerating mean time to failure computations. Performance Evaluation, 1996. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  15. C. Hirel, R.A. Sahner, X. Zang, and K. Trivedi. Reliability and performability modeling using sharpe 2000. Computer Performance Evaluation / TOOLS, 2000. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  16. J.R. Horgan and S. London. Atac: A data-flow coverage testing tool for c. In Symp. on Assessment of Quality Software Development Tools, 1992.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  17. O. Ibe, R. Howe, and K. Trivedi. Approximate availability analysis of vaxcluster systems. IEEE Trans. on Reliability, 1989.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  18. H. Kopetz, H. Kantz, G. Grunsteidl, P. Puschner, and J. Reisinger. Tolerating transient faults in mars. In FTCS-20, 1990.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  19. M. Lanus, L. Yin, and K. Trivedi. Hierarchical composition and aggregation of state-based availability and performability models. IEEE Transactions on Reliability, 2003.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  20. Y. Liu, V. Mendiratta, and K. Trivedi. Survivability analysis of telephone access network. In Proc. Int. Symp. on Software Reliability Engineering, 2004. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  21. N. Lopez-Benitez and K. Trivedi. Multiprocessor performability analysis. IEEE Trans. on Reliability, 1993.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  22. T. Luo and K. Trivedi. An improved algorithm for coherent system reliability. IEEE Trans. on Reliability, 1998.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  23. M. Lyu, X. Chen, and T. Wong. Design and evaluation of a fault-tolerant mobile-agent system. IEEE Intelligent Systems, 2004. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  24. M. Lyu and V. Mendiratta. Software fault tolerance in a clustered architecture: Techniques and reliability modeling. Proc. of IEEE Aerospace Conference, 1999.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  25. Y. Ma, J. Han, and K. Trivedi. Composite performance & availability analysis of wireless communication networks. IEEE Trans. on Vehicular Technology, 2001.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  26. B. Madan, S. Dharmaraja, and K. Trivedi. Combined guard channel and mobile-assisted handoff for cellular networks. IEEE Trans. on Vehicular Technology, 2008.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  27. B. Madan, K. Goseva-Popstojanova, K. Vaidyanathan, and K. Trivedi. Modeling and quantification of security attributes of software systems. Performance Evaluation, 2004.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  28. V. Mainkar. Solutions of Large and Non-Markovian Performance Models. PhD thesis, Duke University, 1994. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  29. M. Malhotra and A. Reibman. Selecting and implementing phase approximations for semi-markov models. Stochastic Models, 1993.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  30. M. Marsan, G. Conte, and G. Balbo. A class of generalized stochastic petri nets for the performance evaluation of multiprocessor system. ACM Trans. on Computer Systems, 1984. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  31. J. Muppala, M. Malhotra, and K. Trivedi. Stiffness-tolerant methods for transient analysis of stiff markov chains. Microelectronics and Reliability, 1994.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  32. J. Muppala, K. Trivedi, and S. Woolet. Real-time-systems performance in the presence of failures. IEEE Computer, 1991. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  33. H. Pan. The reconstruction of sharpe. Master's thesis, Duke University, 2001.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  34. D. Raiteri, M. Iacono, G. Franceschinis, and V. Vittorini. Repairable fault tree for the automatic evaluation of repair policies. In Proc. int. Conf. on Dependable Systems and Networks, 2004. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  35. S. Ramani, K. Trivedi, and B. Dasarathy. Performance analysis of the corba notification service. Proc. IEEE Symp. on Reliable Distributed Systems, 2001. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  36. A. Ramesh, K. Trivedi, A. Somani, D. Twigg, U. Sandadi, and T. Sharma. An integrated reliability modeling environment. Reliability Engineering and System Safety, 1999.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  37. A.V. Ramesh and K. Trivedi. Semi-numerical transient analysis of markov models. ACM Southeast Regional Conference, 1995. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  38. R. Sahner and K. Trivedi. Performance and reliability analysis using directed acyclic graphs. IEEE Trans. on Software Engineering, 1987. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  39. R. Sahner and K. Trivedi. Reliability modeling using sharpe. IEEE Trans. on Reliability, 1987.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  40. R. Sahner and K. Trivedi. A software tool for learning about stochastic models. IEEE Transactions on Education, 1993.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  41. R.A. Sahner. A hybrid, combinatorial-Markov method of solving performance and reliability models. PhD thesis, Duke University, 1986. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  42. R.A. Sahner, K. Trivedi, and A. Puliafito. Performance and Reliability Analysis of Computer Systems: An Example-Based Approach Using the SHARPE Software Package. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1996. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  43. N. Sato, H. Nakamura, and K. Trivedi. Detecting performance and reliability bottlenecks of composite web services. Proc. ICSOC, 2007.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  44. W. Smith, K. Trivedi, L. Tomek, and J. Ackaret. Availability analysis of blade server systems. IBM Systems Journal, 2008. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  45. L. Tomek and K. Trivedi. Fixed-point iteration in availability modeling. In Proceedings of the 5th International GI/ITG/GMA Conference on Fault-Tolerant Computing Systems, Tests, Diagnosis, Fault Treatment, 1991. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  46. K. Trivedi. Availability analysis of cisco gsr 12000 and juniper m20/m40. Cisco Technical Report, 2000.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  47. K. Trivedi. Probability and Statistics with Reliability, Queuing and Computer Science Applications. John Wiley, second edition, 2001. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  48. K. Trivedi, R. Vasireddy, D. Trindade, S. Nathan, and R. Castro. Modeling high availability systems. Proc. IEEE Pacific Rim International Symposium on Dependable Computing, 2006. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  49. K. Trivedi, D. Wang, D. Hunt, A. Rindos, W. Smith, and B. Vashaw. Availability modeling of sip protocol on ibm websphere. PRDC, 2008. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  50. K. Vaidyanathan, D. Selvamuthu, and K. Trivedi. Analysis of inspection-based preventive maintenance in operational software systems. Intl. Symp. on Reliable Distributed Systems, 2002. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  51. M. Veeraraghavan and K. Trivedi. An improved algorithm for symbolic reliability analysis. IEEE Transactions on Reliability, 1991.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  52. D. Wang. Mttf computation for analytical models. Master's thesis, Duke University, 2004.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  53. D. Wang. Service Reliability: Models, Algorithms and Applications. PhD thesis, Duke University, 2007.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  54. D. Wang and K. Trivedi. Computing steady-state mean time to failure for non-coherent repairable systems. IEEE Transactions on Reliability, 2005.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  55. D. Wang, K. Trivedi, T. Sharma, A. Ramesh, D. Twigg, L. Nguyen, and Y. Liu. A new reliability estimation method for large systems. The Boeing Company patent application pending, 2008.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  56. www.borel.ee.duke.edu/bugzilla.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  57. W. Xie. Markov regenerative process in sharpe. Master's thesis, Duke University, 1999.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  58. W. Xie, Y. Cao, H. Sun, and K. Trivedi. Modeling of user perceived webserver availability. IEEE Int. Conf. on Communications, 2003.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  59. L. Yin, R. Fricks, and K. Trivedi. Application of semi-markov process and ctmc to evaluation of ups system availability. Proc. Reliability and Maintainability Symposium, 2002.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  60. X. Zang. Dependability Modeling of Computer Systems and Networks. PhD thesis, Duke University, 1999. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library

Index Terms

  1. SHARPE at the age of twenty two

          Recommendations

          Comments

          Login options

          Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

          Sign in

          Full Access

          • Published in

            cover image ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review
            ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review  Volume 36, Issue 4
            March 2009
            68 pages
            ISSN:0163-5999
            DOI:10.1145/1530873
            Issue’s Table of Contents

            Copyright © 2009 Authors

            Publisher

            Association for Computing Machinery

            New York, NY, United States

            Publication History

            • Published: 25 March 2009

            Check for updates

            Qualifiers

            • research-article

          PDF Format

          View or Download as a PDF file.

          PDF

          eReader

          View online with eReader.

          eReader