Hao Yin
ABSTRACT
The 2008 Beijing Olympics was an interesting event from a VoD perspective because it involved near real-time video delivery at massive scales over multiple days of a high-profile event. We present some measurement-driven insights into this event through a unique dataset obtained from ChinaCache, the largest CDN in China. The dataset is unique in three respects. First, it gives a "white-box" view into user access patterns which would otherwise be impossible. Second, since the CDN serves different content providers, it allows to compare and contrast the effects of different presentation models on end users. Third, the nature of the content itself is vastly different from traditional VoD systems in terms of the real-time and event-driven nature, which gives rise to unique effects. The dataset allows us to investigate a wide range of interesting issues: (1) how the live nature of the events causes differences in access patterns compared to traditional VoD and User-Generated Content (UGC) systems, (2) how the presentation models affect user behavior, and (3) flash-crowd phenomena. Based on these observations, we discuss implications for future live VoD systems.
- Adobe Flash Media Server. http://www.adobe.com/products/flashmediastreaming.Google Scholar
- CCTV.com and Adobe Partner to Bring 2008 Beijing Olympics to Millions of Online Viewers in China. http://www.adobe.com/aboutadobe/pressroom/pressreleases/pdfs/200808/080408AdobeCCTV.pdf.Google Scholar
- ChinaCache CDN Principle. http://en.chinacache.com/viewtechnique.asp?id=16.Google Scholar
- ChinaCache Flash VoD. http://en.chinacache.com/viewproduct.asp?id=344.Google Scholar
- Data Center of the China Internet. http://www.dcci.com.cn.Google Scholar
- Facebook and CNN get together to stream inauguration. http://blog.facebook.com/blog.php?post=48783697130.Google Scholar
- Injury forces Liu Xiang to withdraw. http://sports.espn.go.com/oly/summer08/trackandfield/news/story?id=3540221.Google Scholar
- Smooth HD. http://www.smoothhd.com/.Google Scholar
- J. M. Almeida, J. Krueger, D. L. Eager, and M. K. Vernon. Analysis of Educational Media Server Workloads. In Proceedings of Network and operating systems support for digital audio and video, Jan. 2001. Google ScholarDigital Library
- S. Annapureddy, S. Guha, C. Gkantsidis, D. Gunawardena, and P. R. Rodriguez. Is High-Quality VoD feasible using P2P Swarming? In Proceedings of WWW, May 2007. Google ScholarDigital Library
- M. Cha, H. Kwak, P. Rodriguez, Y. Ahn, and S. Moon. I tube, You tube, Everybody tubes: Analyzing the World's Largest User Generated Content Video System. In Proceedings of ACM SIGCOMM Conference on Internet Measurement, Oct. 2007. Google ScholarDigital Library
- B. Chang, L. Dai, Y. Cui, and Y. Xue. On Feasibility of P2P On-Demand Streaming via Empirical VoD User Behavior Analysis. In Proceedings of Distributed Computing Systems Workshops, ICDCS'08, June 2008. Google ScholarDigital Library
- B. Cheng, X. Liu, Z. Zhang, and H. Jin. A Measurement Study of a Peer-to-Peer Video-on-Demand System. In Proceedings of IPTPS, Feb. 2007.Google Scholar
- X. Cheng, C. Dale, and J. Liu. Understanding the Characteristics of Internet Short Video Sharing: YouTube as a Case Study. To appear in IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, 2009.Google Scholar
- M. Chesire, A. Wolman, G. M. Voelker, and H. M. Levy. Measurement and Analysis of a Streaming Media Workload. In Proceedings of USITS, Mar. 2001. Google ScholarDigital Library
- C. Costa, I. Cunha, A. Borges, C. Ramos, M. Rocha, J. Almeida, and B. Ribeiro-Neto. Analyzing Client Interactivity in Streaming Media. In Proceedings of WWW, May 2004. Google ScholarDigital Library
- P. Gill, M. Arlitt, Z. Li, and A. Mahanti. YouTube Traffic Characterization: A View From the Edge. In Proceedings of ACM SIGCOMM Conference on Internet Measurement, Oct. 2007. Google ScholarDigital Library
- C. Griwodz, M. Bar, and L. C. Wolf. Long-term Movie Popularity Models in Video-on-Demand Systems. In Proceedings of ACM Multimedia, Nov. 1997. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Y. Guo, K. Suh, J. Kurose, and D. Towsley. P2Cast: Peer-to-peer Patching Scheme for VoD Service. In Proceedings of WWW, May 2003. Google ScholarDigital Library
- C. Huang, J. Li, and K. Ross. Can Internet Video-on-Demand be Profitable. In Proceedings of ACM SIGCOMM, Aug. 2007. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Y. Huang, T. Z. J. Fu, D. M. Chiu, J. C. S. Lui, and C. Huang. Challenges, Design and Analysis of a Large-scale P2P-VoD System. In Proceedings of ACM SIGCOMM, Aug. 2008. Google ScholarDigital Library
- J. Jung, B. Krishnamurthy, and M. Rabinovich. Flash Crowds and Denial of Service Attacks: Characterization and Implications for CDNs and Web sites. In Proceedings of WWW, May 2002. Google ScholarDigital Library
- J. G. Luo, Q. Zhang, Y. Tang, and S. Q. Yang. A Trace-Driven Approach to Evaluate the Scalability of P2P-Based Video-on-Demand Service. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 20(1):59--70, Jan. 2009. Google ScholarDigital Library
- V. N. Padmanabhan and K. Sripanidkulchai. The Case for Cooperative Networking. In Proceedings of IPTPS, Mar. 2002. Google ScholarDigital Library
- K. Sripanidkulchai, B. Maggs, and H. Zhang. An Analysis of Live Streaming Workloads on the Internet. In Proceedings of ACM SIGCOMM Conference on Internet Measurement, Oct. 2004. Google ScholarDigital Library
- A. Vlavianos, M. Iliofotou, and M. Faloutsos. Enhancing BitTorrent for Supporting Streaming Applications. In Proceedings of IEEE Global Internet, 2006.Google ScholarCross Ref
- N. Vratonjic, P. Gupta, N. Knezevic, D. Kostic, and A. Rowstron. Enabling DVD-like features in P2P Video-on-Demand-Systems. In Proceedings of Workshop on Peer-to-peer streaming and IP-TV, Aug. 2007. Google ScholarDigital Library
- H. Yu, D. Zheng, B. Y. Zhao, and W. Zheng. Understanding User Behavior in Large-Scale Video-on-Demand Systems. In Proceedings of ACM Eurosys, Apr. 2006. Google ScholarDigital Library
Index Terms
- Inside the bird's nest: measurements of large-scale live VoD from the 2008 olympics
Recommendations
Understanding user behavior in large-scale video-on-demand systems
EuroSys '06: Proceedings of the 1st ACM SIGOPS/EuroSys European Conference on Computer Systems 2006Video-on-demand over IP (VOD) is one of the best-known examples of "next-generation" Internet applications cited as a goal by networking and multimedia researchers. Without empirical data, researchers have generally relied on simulated models to drive ...
Analysis of User Behavior in a Large-Scale VoD System
NOSSDAV'17: Proceedings of the 27th Workshop on Network and Operating Systems Support for Digital Audio and VideoUnderstanding streaming user behavior is crucial to the design of large-scale video-on-demand (VoD) systems. However, existing studies usually treat all the users as an entire entity to analyze the collective user behavior. In this paper, we measure the ...
Cache capacity-aware content centric networking under flash crowds
Content-centric networking (CCN) is a new networking paradigm to resolve the explosion of data traffic on the Internet caused by the rapid increase in file sharing and video streaming traffic. Networks with CCN avoid repeatedly delivering the same ...
Comments