Stephen Deering
ABSTRACT
Existing multicast routing mechanisms were intended for use within regions where a group is widely represented or bandwidth is universally plentiful. When group members, and senders to those group members, are distributed sparsely across a wide area, these schemes are not efficient; data packets or membership report information are occasionally sent over many links that do not lead to receivers or senders, respectively. We have developed a multicast routing architecture that efficiently establishes distribution trees across wide area internets, where many groups will be sparsely represented. Efficiency is measured in terms of the state, control message processing, and data packet processing, required across the entire network in order to deliver data packets to the members of the group.
Our Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) architecture: (a) maintains the traditional IP multicast service model of receiver-initiated membership; (b) can be configured to adapt to different multicast group and network characteristics; (c) is not dependent on a specific unicast routing protocol; and (d) uses soft-state mechanisms to adapt to underlying network conditions and group dynamics. The robustness, flexibility, and scaling properties of this architecture make it well suited to large heterogeneous inter-networks.
- 1.S. Deering and D. Cheriton. Multicast routing in datagram internetworks and extended LANs. A CM Transactions on Computer Systems, pages 85-111, May 1990.]] Google Scholar
Digital Library
- 2.S. Deering. Multicast Routing in a Datagram Internetwork. PhD thesis, Stanford University, 1991.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- 3.J. Moy. Multicast extension to OSPF. Internet Draft, September 1992.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- 4.D. Waitzman, C. Partridge, and S. Deering. Distance vector multicast routing protocol, November 1988. RFC1075.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- 5.S. Deering. Host extensions for IP multicasting, August 1989. RFClll2.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- 6.J. Moy. OSPF version 2, October 1991. RFC1247.]]Google Scholar
- 7.J. Moy. MOSPF: Analysis and experience, lnternet Draft, July 1993.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- 8.Y. K. Dalai and R. M. Metcalfe. Reverse path forwarding of broadcast packets. Communications of the A CM, 21(12):1040-1048, 1978.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- 9.R. Frederick. IETF audio & videocast. Internet Society News, 1(4):19, 1993.]]Google Scholar
- 10.A. J. Ballardie, P. F. Francis, and J. Crowcroft. Core based trees. In Proceedings of the A CM SIGCOMM, San Francisco, 1993.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- 11.David Wall. Mechanisms for Broadcast and Selective Broadcast. PhD thesis, Stanford University, June 1980. Technical Report N0. 190.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- 12.L. Wei and D. Estrin. A comparison of multicast trees and algorithms. Technical Report USG-GS-93-560, Computer Science Department, University of Southern California, September 1993.]]Google Scholar
- 13.S. Deering, D. Estrin, D. Farinacci, and V. Jacobson. IGMP router extensions for routing to dense multicast groups. Internet Draft, October 1993.]]Google Scholar
- 14.S. Deering, D. Estrin, D. Farinacci, and V. Jacobson. iGMP router extensions for routing to sparse multicast groups, lnternet Draft, October 1993.]]Google Scholar
- 15.Y. Rekhter and T. Li , editors. A border gateway protocol 4 (BGP-4). Internet Draft, January 1994.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- 16.S. Hares and John Scudder. IDRP for IP. Internet Draft, September 1993.]]Google Scholar
- 17.D. Estrin, T. Li, Y. Rekhter, and D. Zappala. Source demand routing protocol: Packet format and forwarding specification. Internet-Draft, March 1993.]]Google Scholar
- 18.L. Zhang, R. Braden, D. Estrin, S. Herzog, and S Jamin. Resource reservation protocol (RSVP)- version 1 functional specification. Internet-Dra/t, Octobe~ 1993.]]Google Scholar
Index Terms
- An architecture for wide-area multicast routing
Recommendations
An architecture for wide-area multicast routing
Existing multicast routing mechanisms were intended for use within regions where a group is widely represented or bandwidth is universally plentiful. When group members, and senders to those group members, are distributed sparsely across a wide area, ...
Improving Internet multicast with routing labels
ICNP '97: Proceedings of the 1997 International Conference on Network Protocols (ICNP '97)The IP-multicast architecture is extended with addressing information along multicast routing trees that permits more efficient and sophisticated multicast routing options and encourages communication and cooperation between IP and higher-layer ...
Comments