Thomas A. Funkhouser
ABSTRACT
This paper describes the client-server design, implementation and experimental results for a system that supports real-time visual interaction between a large number of users in a shared 3D virtual environment. The key feature of the system is that server-based visibility algorithms compute potential visual interactions between entities representing users in order to reduce the number of messages required to maintain consistent state among many workstations distributed across a wide-area network. When an entity changes state, update messages are sent only to workstations with entities that can potentially perceive the change—i.e., ones to which the update is visible. Initial experiments show a 40x decrease in the number of messages processed by client workstations during tests with 1024 entities interacting in a large densely occluded virtual environment.
- 1.Airey, John M., John H. Rohlf, and Frederick P. Brooks, Jr., Towards Image Realism with Interactive Update Rates in Complex Virtual Building Environments. ACM SIGGRAPH Special Issue on 1990 Symposium on Interactive 30 Graphics, 24, 2 (1990), 41-50. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- 2.Blanchard, C., S. Gurgess, Y. Harvill, J. Lanier, A. Lasko, M. Oberman, and M. Teitel, Reality Built for Two: A Virtual Reality Tool. ACM SIGGRAPH Special Issue on 1990 Symposium on Interactive 30 Graphics, (Snowbird, Utah), 1990, 35-36. Google ScholarDigital Library
- 3.Blau, Brian, Charles E. Hughes, Michael J. Moshell, and Curtis Lisle, Networked Virtual Environments. ACM SIGG.RAPH Special Issue on 1992 Symposium on Interactive 30 Graphics, (Cambridge, MA), 1992, 157-164. Google ScholarDigital Library
- 4.Bricken, William, and Geoffrey Coca The VEOS Project. Technical Report, Human Interface Technology Laboratory, IJniversity of Washington, 1993.Google Scholar
- 5.Calvin, James, Alan Dickens, Bob Gaines, Paul Metzger, Dale Miller, and Dan Owen, The SIMNET Virtual World A.rchitecture. Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium, September, 1.993, 450-455.Google Scholar
- 6.Carlsson., Christer, and Olof Hafsand, Dive: -4 Multi-User Virtual Reality System. Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium, Scpt.ember, 1993, 394-401.Google ScholarDigital Library
- 7.Funkhouser, Thomas A., Carlo H. Sequin, and Seth J. Teller, Management of Large Amounts of Data in Interactive Building Walkthroughs. ACM SIGGRAPH Special Issue on 1992 Symposium on Interactive 30 Graphics, (Cambridge, MA), 1992, 11-20. Google ScholarDigital Library
- 8.Funkhouser, Thomas A., and Carlo H. %quin. Ada:ptive Display Algorithm for Interactive Frame Rates During Visualization of Complex Virtual Environments. Computer Graphics (SIGGRAPH '93), 27, 247-254. Google ScholarDigital Library
- 9.Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), IEEE P1278 - Standard for Information Technology - Distributed Simulation Application - Process and Data Entity Interchange Formats.Google Scholar
- 10.Kazman, Rick, Making WAVES: On the Design of Architectures for Low-end Distributed Virtual Environments. Proceedings of IEEE Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium, September 1993, 443-449.Google ScholarDigital Library
- 11.Kazman, Rick, Load Balancing, Latency Management and Separation of Concerns in a Distributed Virtual World. Parallel Computations - Paradigms and Applicntions, A. Zomaya (ed.), Chapman & Hall, 1995, to appear.Google Scholar
- 12.Macedonia, Michael, R. Michael J. Zyda, David R. Pratt, and Paul T Barham, Exploiting Reality with Multicast Groups: A Network Architecture for Large Scale Virtual Environments. To appear in Proceedings of IEEE Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium, 1995. Google ScholarDigital Library
- 13.Pope, Arthur R., The SIMNET Network and Prot,ocols. Technical Report 9120, LORAL bdvanced Distributed Simulation, Cambridge, MA, June, 1991.Google Scholar
- 14.Shaw, Chris, and Mark Green, The MR Toolkit Peers Package and Experiment. Proceedings of IEEE Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium, September 1993, 463-469.Google ScholarDigital Library
- 15.Teller, Seth J., and Carlo H. Sequin, Visibility Preprocessing for Interactive Walkthroughs. Computer Graphics (SIGGRAPH '91). 25, 4, 61-69. Google ScholarDigital Library
- 16.Teller, Seth J., Visibility Computations in Densely Occluded Polyhedral Environments. Ph.D. thesis, Computer Science Division (EECS), University of California, Berkeley, 1992. Also available as UC Berkeley technical report UCB/CSD-92-708. Google ScholarDigital Library
- 17.Zyda, Michael J., David R. Pratt, John S. Falby, Chuck Lombardo, and Kristen M. Kelleher, The Software Required for the Computer Generation of Virtual Environments. Presence, 2, 2 (March 1993), 130-140.Google Scholar
Index Terms
- RING: a client-server system for multi-user virtual environments
Recommendations
A manipulation environment of virtual and real objects using a magnetic metaphor
VRST '02: Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technologyThis paper describes a method for the consolidated manipulation of virtual and real objects using a "magnetic metaphor". The method reduces the behavioral differences between the virtual and real objects. A limited number of physical laws are selected ...
Design of Computer Visual Simulation for Real Environment
ICMTMA '14: Proceedings of the 2014 Sixth International Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics AutomationIn this paper, we adoptMultiGen Creator and Vega virtual scene simulation software to describe the entire threedimensional visual simulation system of several key technologies. We also build the establishment of a virtual scene model. Based on this, we ...
Haptic around: multiple tactile sensations for immersive environment and interaction in virtual reality
VRST '18: Proceedings of the 24th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and TechnologyIn this paper, we present Haptic Around, a hybrid-haptic feedback system, which utilizes fan, hot air blower, mist creator and heat light to recreate multiple tactile sensations in virtual reality for enhancing the immersive environment and interaction. ...
Comments