Vaspol Ruamviboonsuk
Richard E. Ladner
ABSTRACT
A new non-visual method of numeric entry into a smartphone is designed, implemented, and tested. Users tap the smartphone screen with one to three fingers or swipe the screen in order to enter numbers. No buttons are used--only simple, easy-to-remember gestures. A preliminary valuation with sighted users compares the method to a standard accessible numeric keyboard with a VoiceOver-like screen reader interface for non-visual entry. We found that users entered numbers faster and with higher accuracy with our number entry method than with a VoiceOver-like interface, showing there is potential for use among blind people as well. The Tapulator, a complete calculator based on this non-visual numeric entry that uses simple gestures for arithmetic operations and other calculator actions is described.
- S. Azenkot, J.O. Wobbrock, S. Prasain, and R.E. Ladner (2012). Input Finger Detection for nonvisual touch screen text entry in Perkinput. In Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2012 (GI '12). Toronto, Ontario: Canadian Information Processing Society, pp. 121--129. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Findlater, L., Lee, B.Q. and Wobbrock, J.O. (2012). Beyond Qwerty: Augmenting touch screen keyboards with multi-touch gestures for non-alphanumeric input. Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '12). New York: ACM Press, pp. 2679--2682. Google ScholarDigital Library
- D.A. Huffman (1952). A method for the construction of minimum-redundancy codes. In Proceedings of the I.R.E. 1098--1102.Google ScholarCross Ref
- S.K. Kane, J.P. Bigham, J.O. Wobbrock (2008). Slide Rule: making mobile touch screens accessible to blind people using multi-touch interaction techniques. In Proceedings of the 10th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS '08). 73--80. Google ScholarDigital Library
- S.K. Kane, J.O. Wobbrock, R.E. Ladner (2011). Usable gestures for blind people: understanding preference and performance. In Proceedings of the 2011 Annual Conference on Human factors in Computing Systems (CHI '11). 413--422. Google ScholarDigital Library
- I.S. MacKenzie, R.W Soukoreff, J. Helga (2011). 1 thumb, 4 buttons, 20 words per minute: design and evaluation of H4-writer. In Proceedings of the 24th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology (UIST '11). 471--480. Google ScholarDigital Library
Index Terms
- Tapulator: a non-visual calculator using natural prefix-free codes
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