ABSTRACT
One of the goals of the eye tracking community is to build systems that allow users to move freely. In general, there is a trade-off between the field of view of an eye tracking system and the gaze estimation accuracy. We aim to study how much the field of view of an eye tracking system can be increased, while maintaining acceptable accuracy. In this paper, we investigate all the issues concerning remote eye tracking systems with large range of movement in a simulated environment and we give some guidelines that can facilitate the process of designing an eye tracker. Given a desired range of movement and a working distance, we can calculate the camera focal length and sensor size or given a certain camera, we can determine the user's range of movement. The robustness against large head movement of two gaze estimation methods based on infrared light is analyzed: an interpolation and a geometrical method. We relate the accuracy of the gaze estimation methods with the image resolution around the eye area for a certain feature detector's accuracy and provide possible combinations of pixel size and focal length for different gaze estimation accuracies. Finally, we give the gaze estimation accuracy as a function of a new defined eye error, which is independent of any design parameters.
- Böhme, M., Dorr, M., Graw, M., Martinetz, T., and Barth, E. 2008. A software framework for simulating eye trackers. In Proceedings of the 2008 symposium on Eye tracking research & applications, ACM, New York, NY, USA, ETRA '08, 251--258. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Cerrolaza, J. J., Villanueva, A., and Cabeza, R. 2012. Study of polynomial mapping functions in video-oculography eye trackers. ACM Trans. Comput.-Hum. Interact. 19, 2 (July), 10:1--10:25. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Guestrin, E., and M. Eizenman. 2006. General theory of remote gaze estimation using pupil center and corneal reflections. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 53, 6, 1124--1133.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Hansen, D., and Hansen, J. 2006. Robustifying eye interaction. In Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshop, 2006. CVPRW '06. Conference on, 152--152. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Hansen, D. W., and Ji, Q. 2010. In the eye of the beholder: A survey of models for eyes and gaze. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 32, 3, 478--500. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Sesma-Sanchez, L., Villanueva, A., and Cabeza, R. 2012. Gaze estimation interpolation methods based on binocular data. Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on 59, 8, 2235--2243.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Zhu, Z., and Ji, Q. 2005. Eye gaze tracking under natural head movements. In Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2005. CVPR 2005. IEEE Computer Society Conference on, vol. 1, IEEE, 918--923. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Zhu, Z., and Ji, Q. 2007. Novel eye gaze tracking techniques under natural head movement. Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on 54, 12, 2246--2260.Google ScholarCross Ref
Index Terms
- Design issues of remote eye tracking systems with large range of movement
Recommendations
Evaluation of pupil center-eye corner vector for gaze estimation using a web cam
ETRA '12: Proceedings of the Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and ApplicationsLow cost eye tracking is an actual challenging research topic for the eye tracking community. Gaze tracking based on a web cam and without infrared light is a searched goal to broaden the applications of eye tracking systems. Web cam based eye tracking ...
Eye and gaze tracking for interactive graphic display
This paper describes a computer vision system based on active IR illumination for real-time gaze tracking for interactive graphic display. Unlike most of the existing gaze tracking techniques, which often require assuming a static head to work well and ...
Eye and gaze tracking for interactive graphic display
SMARTGRAPH '02: Proceedings of the 2nd international symposium on Smart graphicsThis paper describes preliminary results we have obtained in developing a computer vision system based on active IR illumination for real time gaze tracking for interactive graphic display. Unlike most of the existing gaze tracking techniques, which ...
Comments