Honglu Du
ABSTRACT
Smartphone platforms provide an excellent opportunity for projecting existing or new behavior-change methods into everyday life at great economies of scale. In this paper we present an experimental test of a new behavior-change smartphone platform and application called Fittle, which delivers ecological momentary interventions and group support to help people progressively master healthy habits. An 8-week field study involving 19 participants demonstrated the engagement and efficacy of Fittle across three classes of behavior (diet, physical activity, and stress-reduction). Individual adherence to the behavior programs was found to be associated with group membership. Content analysis of intragroup interactions suggests that high performance groups were generally more social, more supporting of each other on program goals, and shared more.
- Ajzen, I. The Theory of Planned Behavior. In Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 50, 2 (1991), 179--211.Google Scholar
Cross Ref
- Armitage, C. J. and Conner, M. Efficacy of the Theory of Planned Behavior: A meta-analytic review. British Journal of Psychology 40, 4 (2001), 471--449.Google Scholar
- Bandura, A. Human agency in social cognitive theory. American Psychologist 44, 9 (1989), 1175--1184.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Bandura, A. Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. W.H. Freeman, New York, NY, USA, 1998.Google Scholar
- Baumer, E.P., Katz, S.J, Freeman, J.E., Adams, P., Gonzales, A.L., Pollak, J., Retelny, D., Niederdeppe, J., Olson, C.M. and Gay, G.K. Prescriptive persuasion and open-ended social awareness: expanding the design space of mobile health. In Proc. of CSCW'12, (2012), 475--484. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Brewer, N. T. and Rimer, B.K. Perspectives on Health Behavior Theories That Focus on Individuals. Health Behavior and Health Education: Theory, Research, and Practice 4th Edition. Jossey-Bass, 2008, 149--166.Google Scholar
- Brooke, J. SUS: A "quick and dirty" usability scale. Usability Evaluation in Industry, London: Taylor and Francis, (1996), 189--194.Google Scholar
- Brown, B., Chetty, M., Grimes, A., and Harmon, E. Reflecting on Health: A system for students to monitor diet and exercise. Proc CHI EA, (2006), 1807--1812. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Bridle, C., Riemsma, R.P., Pattenden, J., Sowden, A.J., Mather, L., Watt, I.S., and Walker A. Systematic review of the effectiveness of health behavior interventions based on the Transtheoretical Model. Psychology and Health 20, (2005), 283--301.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Callaghan, P. and Morrissey J. Social support and health: a review. Journal of Advanced Nursing 18, 2, (1993), 203--210.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Carron, A.V., Eys, M.A., Burke, S.M., Jowett, S., and Lavallee, D. Team cohesion: nature, correlates, and development. Social psychology and sport, Human Kinetics Publishers (2006), 91--101.Google Scholar
- Cohen, S., Kamarck, T. and Mermelstein, R. A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior 24, (1983), 385--396.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Cole-Lewis, H. and Kershaw, T. Text Messaging as a Tool for Behavior Change in Disease Prevention and Management. Epidemiologic Revs 32, 1,(2010), 56--69.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Consolvo, S., Klasnja, P., McDonald, D.W., & Landay, J.A. Goal-setting considerations for persuasive technologies that encourage physical activity. In Proc. of the 4th International Conference on Persuasive Technology, ACM Press (2009), 1--8. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Cooper, Z., Fairburn, C.G., Wadden, T.A., and Stunkard, A.J. Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment of Obesity. Guilford Press, New York, NY, USA, 2003.Google Scholar
- Edwards, L.J., Muller, K.E., Wolfinger, R.D., Qaqish, B.F., and Schabenberger, O. An R2 statistic for fixed effects in the linear mixed model. Statistics in Medicine 27, 29, (2008), 6137--6157.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Fogg, B.J. The Behavior Grid: 35 ways behavior can change. In Proc. of the 4th International Conference on Persuasive Technology, ACM Press, (2009), 42. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Fogg, B.J. and Hreha, J. Behavior Wizard: A Method for Matching Target Behaviors with Solutions. Persuasive Technology, Springer, (2010), 117--131. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Fry, J.P. and Neff, R. Periodic Prompts and Reminders in Health Promotion and Health Behavior Interventions: Systematic Review. J Med Internet Res 11, 2 (2009).Google ScholarCross Ref
- Gollwitzer, P.M., and Sheeran, P. Implementation intentions and goal achievement: A meta-analysis of effects and processes. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology 42, (2006), 668--675.Google Scholar
- Grimes, A., Bednar, M., Bolter, J.D., and Grinter, R.E. EatWell: sharing nutrition-related memories in a low-income community. Proc CSCW, (2008), 87--96. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Hanauer, D. a, Wentzell, K., Laffel, N., and Laffel, L.M. Computerized Automated Reminder Diabetes System (CARDS). Diabetes tech & therapeutics, 11, 2 (2009), 99--106.Google Scholar
- Harrison, J.A., Mullen, P.D., and Green, L.W. A meta-analysis of studies of the Health Belief Model. Health Education Research 7, (1992), 107--116.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Heron, K.E. and Smyth, J.M. Ecological momentary interventions: incorporating mobile technology into psychosocial and health behaviour treatments. British journal of health psychology 15, 1, (2010), 1--39.Google Scholar
- Hull, C. L. Principles of Behavior. Appleton Century Crofts Inc, New York, NY, USA, 1943.Google Scholar
- IPAQ. International Physical Activity Questionnaire. http://www.ipaq.ki.se/.Google Scholar
- Kazantzis, N. and L'Abate, L. Handbook of homework assignments in Psychotherapy: Research, practice, and prevention. Springer, NY, USA, 2007, 1--5.Google Scholar
- King, A.C., Ahn, D.K., Oliveira, B.M., Atienza, A. a, Castro, C.M., and Gardner, C.D. Promoting physical activity through hand-held computer technology. Amer J of Prev Med, 34, 2 (2008), 138--42.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Lin, J.J., Mamykina, L., Lindtner, S., Delajoux, G., and Strub, H.B. Fish'n'Steps: Encouraging Physical Activity with an Interactive Computer Game. Proc UbiComp, (2006), 261--278. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Locke, E. A. and Latham, G.P. Building a practically useful theory of goal setting and task motivation: A 35-year odyssey. American Psychologist 57, 9, (2002), 705--717.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Miller, W.R. and Rollnick, S. Motivational interviewing: Helping people change, 2013.Google Scholar
- Patrick, K., et al. A text message-based intervention for weight loss: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research 11, 1 (2009).Google Scholar
- Pollak, J.P., Adams, P., Gay, G., and Ave, C. PAM: A Photographic Affect Meter for Frequent, In Situ Measurement of Affect. In Proc. of CHI, (2011), 725--734. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Presetwich, A., and Kellar, I. How can the impact of implementation intentions as a behavior change intervention be improved? Rev. Eur. Psychol. Appl., Elsevier, (2010).Google Scholar
- Prestwich, A., Perugini, M., and Hurling, R. Can implementation intentions and text messages promote brisk walking? A randomized trial. Health Psychology 29, 1, (2010), 40--59.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Pagoto S. Evidence-based strategies in weight-loss mobile apps. Am J Prev Med. 2013 Nov;45(5):576--82Google Scholar
- Richardson, C.R., Buis, L.R., Janney, A.W., Goodrich, D.E., Sen, A., Hess, M.L., Mehari, K.S., et al. An online community improves adherence in an Internet-mediated walking program. Part 1: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research 12, 4, (2010).Google Scholar
- Sallis, J.F. and Glanz, K. Physical activity and food environments: solutions to the obesity epidemic. The Milbank quarterly 87, 1, (2009), 123--154.Google Scholar
- Schlundt, D.G., Hargreaves, M.K., and Buchowski, M.S. The Eating Behavior Patterns Questionnaire predicts dietary fat intake in African American women. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 103, 3, (2003), 338--345.Google Scholar
- Snijders, Tom A.B., and Bosker, R.J. Multilevel Analysis: An Introduction to Basic and Advanced Multilevel Modeling. Sage Publishers, London, 1999.Google Scholar
- Stoddard, L.J., Augustson, E.M., and Moser, R.P. Effect of Adding a Virtual Community (Bulletin Board) to Smokefree.gov: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research 10, 5, (2008).Google Scholar
- Thorpe, K.E. The future costs of obesity: National and state estimates of the impact on direct health care expenses. (2009).Google Scholar
- Wansink, B. and Sobal, J. Mindless Eating: The 200 Daily Food Decisions We Overlook. Environment and Behavior 39, 1, (2007), 106--123.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Webb, T.L., et al. Using the internet to promote health behavior change: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of theoretical basis, use of behavior change techniques, and mode of delivery on efficacy. Journal of medical Internet research 12, 1, (2010), 1438--8871.Google Scholar
- Wing, R.R., and Phelan, S. Long-term weight loss maintenance. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 82, 1, (2005), 2225--2255.Google ScholarCross Ref
Index Terms
- Efficacy of a Smartphone System to Support Groups in Behavior Change Programs
Recommendations
Theory-driven design strategies for technologies that support behavior change in everyday life
CHI '09: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing SystemsIn this paper, we propose design strategies for persuasive technologies that help people who want to change their everyday behaviors. Our strategies use theory and prior work to substantially extend a set of existing design goals. Our extensions ...
Sitting Behavior and Physical Activity of College Students: Implications for Health Education and Promotion
The purpose of this study was to provide a baseline assessment of sitting behaviors and physical activity among college students in a physical activity and wellness course. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire IPAQ was used to measure the ...
The Use of a Tablet to Increase Older Adults’ Exercise Adherence
Persuasive TechnologyAbstractSufficient physical activity can prolong the ability of older adults to live independently. Community-based exercise programs can be enhanced by regularly performing exercises at home. To support such a home-based exercise program, a blended ...
Comments