Monica Maceli
ABSTRACT
The internet meme has become a vital form of self-expression in social communities throughout the Internet. The tools facilitating meme-creation, specifically image macros, have been little-studied but endow non-technical users with the ability to create the multi-layered graphics typical to such memes. The use of these creativity tools provides a unique setting in which to explore the concept of co-design, wherein tools are shaped in response to emergent user needs. Users and designers of meme-creation tools have evolved ways of collaborating and communicating over time, in a fully naturalistic setting. This study explores these processes through survey and interviews of tool designer/developers and an analysis of users' design ideas generated over time. The study finds that, while co-design may be commonly practiced today, these activities raise numerous challenges to participatory design, including: creating trust between designers and users, managing unwieldy system growth, and supporting features specific to aspiring end-user crafters.
- AdviceAnimals. 2015. Retrieved July 6, 2015 from https://www.reddit.com/r/AdviceAnimals/Google Scholar
- Al-Ani, B., Bietz, M., Wang, Y., Trainer, E., Koehne, B., Marczak, S., Redmiles, D., and Prikladnicki, R. 2013. Globally Distributed System Developers: Their Trust Expectations and Processes. In Proceedings of the 2013 conference on Computer supported cooperative work (CSCW '13). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 563--574. DOI=http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2441776.2441840 Google ScholarDigital Library
- Bauckhage, C. 2011. Insights into Internet Memes. In Proceedings of the Fifth International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media (ICWSM-11), 42--49.Google Scholar
- Björgvinsson, E., Ehn, P., and Hillgren, P. 2010. Participatory design and "democratizing innovation". In Proceedings of the 11th Biennial Participatory Design Conference (PDC '10). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 41--50. DOI=http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1900441.1900448 Google ScholarDigital Library
- Björgvinsson, E. and Hillgren, P.-A. 2002. Readymade design at an intensive care unit. In Proceedings of the Participatory Design Conference (PDC '02), 221--225.Google Scholar
- Blackmore, S. 1999. The Meme Machine. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
- Börzsei, L. K. 2013. Makes a Meme Instead: A Concise History of Internet Memes. New Media Studies Magazine. 7.Google Scholar
- Coscia, M. 2013. Competition and success in the meme pool: a case study on quickmeme.com. In Proceedings of the Seventh International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media (ICWSM-13), 100--109.Google Scholar
- Davison, P. 2012. The language of internet memes. In The social media reader, M. Mandiberg (ed.). New York University Press, New York, NY, USA, 120--136.Google Scholar
- Dawkins, R. 1976. The Selfish Gene. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
- Dittrich, Y., Eriksén, S., and Hansson, C. 2002. PD in the Wild; Evolving Practices of Design in Use. In Proceedings of the Participatory Design Conference (PDC 2002), 124--134.Google Scholar
- Dittrich, Y., Eriksén, S., and Wessels, B. 2014. Learning Through Situated Innovation: Why the specific is crucial for participatory design research. Scandinavian Journal of Information Systems. 26, 1, 29--56.Google Scholar
- Ehn, P. 1989. Work-Oriented Design of Computer Artifacts. Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Fischer, G. and Giaccardi, E. 2006. Meta-Design: A Framework for the Future of End User Development. In H. Lieberman, F. Paternò, & V. Wulf (Eds.), End User Development, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 427--457.Google Scholar
- Fischer, G. and Hermann, T. 2011. Socio-Technical Systems - A Meta-Design Perspective. International Journal for Sociotechnology and Knowledge Development. 3, 1, 1--33.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Fischer, G., McCall, R., Ostwald, J., Reeves, B. and Shipman, F. 1994. Seeding, evolutionary growth and reseeding: supporting the incremental development of design environments. In Proceedings of ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '94). ACM, New York, NY, 292--298. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Fleron, B., Rasmussen, R., Simonsen, J. and Hertzum, M. 2012. User Participation in Implementation. In Proceedings of the 12th Participatory Design Conference (PDC '12). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 61--64. DOI=http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2348144.2348164 Google ScholarDigital Library
- Følstad, A. 2008. Living Labs for Innovation and Development of Information and Communication Technology: A Literature Review. Electronic Journal for Virtual Organizations and Networks. 10, 7, 99--131.Google Scholar
- Gantt, M. and Nardi, B. A. 1992. Gardeners and gurus: patterns of cooperation among CAD users. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '92). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 107--117. DOI=http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/142750.142767 Google ScholarDigital Library
- Greenbaum, J. and Kyng, M., eds. 1991. Design at Work: Cooperative Design of Computer Systems. Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ. Google ScholarDigital Library
- GitHub, Inc. About Github. 2015. Retrieved July 23, 2015 from https://github.com/aboutGoogle Scholar
- Hagen, P. and Robertson, T. 2010. Social technologies: challenges and opportunities for participation. In Proceedings of the 11th Biennial Participatory Design Conference (PDC '10). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 31--40. DOI=http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1900441.1900447 Google ScholarDigital Library
- Henderson, A. and Kyng, M. 1992. There's no place like home: continuing design in use. In J. Greenbaum and M. Kyng (eds.), Design at work, L. Erlbaum Associates Inc., Hillsdale, NJ, USA, 219--240. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Hess, J., Randall, D., Pipek, V., and Wulf, V. 2013. Involving users in the wild -- Participatory product development in and with online communities. Int. J. Hum.-Comput. Stud. 71, 5, 570--589. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Illich, I. 1973. Tools for Conviviality. Harper & Row Publishers.Google Scholar
- Jenkins, H. 2006. Convergence Culture: Where Old and New Media Collide. University Press, New York, NY.Google Scholar
- Leskovec, J., Backstrom, L., and Kleinberg, J. 2009. Meme-tracking and the dynamics of the news cycle. In Proceedings of the 15th ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining (KDD '09). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 497--506. DOI=http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1557019.1557077 Google ScholarDigital Library
- Löwgren, J., & Reimer, B. 2013. Collaborative media: production, consumption, and design interventions. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Löwgren, J., & Reimer, B. 2012. Designing collaborative media: a challenge for CHI? In CHI '12 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA '12). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 31--40. DOI=http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2212776.2212781 Google ScholarDigital Library
- Marcolin, M., D'Andrea, V. and Hakken, D. 2012. Participatory maintenance-in-use: users' role in keeping systems alive. In Proceedings of the 12th Participatory Design Conferenc (PDC '12). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 57--60. DOI=http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2348144.2348162 Google ScholarDigital Library
- Meme Dad. Socially Awkward Penguin. 2015. Retrieved September 2, 2015 from http://memedad.com/generate/118Google Scholar
- Muller, M. J. 2002. Participatory design: the third space in HCI. In J. A. Jacko and A. Sears (eds.), The human-computer interaction handbook, L. Erlbaum Associates Inc., Hillsdale, NJ, USA, 1051--1068. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Olson, G. M. and Olson, J. S. 2000. Distance matters. Hum.-Comput. Interact. 15, 2 (September 2000), 139--178. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Robertson, G. Quickmeme banned from Reddit for alleged vote manipulation. 2013. Retrieved August 1, 2015 from http://www.dailydot.com/news/reddit-bans-quickmemevote-manipulation/Google Scholar
- Sanders, E. and Stappers, P. J. 2008. Co-creation and the new landscapes of design. CoDesign. 4, 1, 5--18.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Shirky, C. 2010. Cognitive Surplus: Creativity and Generosity in a Connected Age. The Penguin Press.Google Scholar
- Spinuzzi, C. 2005. The Methodology of Participatory Design. Tech. Commun. 52, 2, 163--174.Google Scholar
- Stålbröst, A. 2008. Forming future IT: the living lab way of user involvement. Ph.D Dissertation. Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden.Google Scholar
- von Hippel, E. 2005. The Democratization of Innovation. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
- Wiggins, B. E. and Bowers, G. B. 2014. Memes as genre: A structurational analysis of the memescape. New Media Soc. 17, 11, 1886--1906. DOI=http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461444814535194Google ScholarCross Ref
Index Terms
- Co-design in the wild: a case study on meme creation tools
Recommendations
Creative Entrances to Co-Design: Exploring Collaboration through Fiction, Fairy tales, and Games
PDC '22: Proceedings of the Participatory Design Conference 2022 - Volume 2Design fiction, storytelling, and games provide creative entrances to co-design activities with different groups. These have emerged from a need to develop joint perspectives, a joint language and technological imagination as prerequisites for ...
The role of design fiction in participatory design processes
NordiCHI '18: Proceedings of the 10th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer InteractionParticipatory design is in essence very malleable as any design technique could lend itself to it, as long as users and stakeholders are involved. Design fictions however, have more often been used as either a vehicle for critical designs, or as a sheer ...
Embroidering self-knowledge: systematization of experiences and participatory design of weaving as a caring practice in Cartago, Valle, Colombia
PDC '14: Proceedings of the 13th Participatory Design Conference: Short Papers, Industry Cases, Workshop Descriptions, Doctoral Consortium papers, and Keynote abstracts - Volume 2The project aims at developing an approach using Information and Communication Technology (ICT) from a participatory perspective to enhance the craft of embroidery. To achieve this goal we propose a design process that encompasses the craft of ...
Comments