Lorenz Cuno Klopfenstein
Saverio Delpriori
ABSTRACT
This work documents the recent rise in popularity of messaging bots: chatterbot-like agents with simple, textual interfaces that allow users to access information, make use of services, or provide entertainment through online messaging platforms. Conversational interfaces have been often studied in their many facets, including natural language processing, artificial intelligence, human-computer interaction, and usability. In this work we analyze the recent trends in chatterbots and provide a survey of major messaging platforms, reviewing their support for bots and their distinguishing features. We then argue for what we call "Botplication", a bot interface paradigm that makes use of context, history, and structured conversation elements for input and output in order to provide a conversational user experience while overcoming the limitations of text-only interfaces.
- Shiri Azenkot and Shumin Zhai. 2012. Touch behavior with different postures on soft smartphone keyboards. In Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Human-computer interaction with mobile devices and services. ACM, 251--260. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Emanuele Bastianelli, Daniele Nardi, Luigia Carlucci Aiello, Fabrizio Giacomelli, and Nicolamaria Manes. 2016. Speaky for robots: the development of vocal interfaces for robotic applications. Applied Intelligence 44, 1 (2016), 43--66. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Jerome R Bellegarda. 2014. Spoken language understanding for natural interaction: The Siri experience. In Natural Interaction with Robots, Knowbots and Smartphones. Springer, 3--14.Google Scholar
- Justine Cassell, Timothy Bickmore, Mark Billinghurst, Lee Campbell, Kenny Chang, Hannes Vilhjálmsson, and Hao Yan. 1999. Embodiment in conversational interfaces: Rea. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, 520--527. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Muhammad Benny Chaniago and Apri Junaidi. 2016. Student Presence Using RFID and Telegram Messenger Application. 8th Widyatama International Seminar on Sustainability (WISS 2016), Widyatama University and IEEE.Google Scholar
- Andre Charland and Brian Leroux. 2011. Mobile Application Development: Web vs. Native. Commun. ACM 54, 5 (May 2011), 49--53. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Sangeet Paul Choudary, Marshall W Van Alstyne, and Geoffrey G Parker. 2016. Platform revolution: How networked markets are transforming the economy--and how to make them work for you. (2016). Google ScholarDigital Library
- comScore. 2014. The U.S. Mobile App Report. URL https://www.comscore.com/Insights/Presentations-andWhitepapers/2014/The-US-Mobile-App-Report. (2014). Accessed: 2016--10--10.Google Scholar
- David Ferrucci, Eric Brown, Jennifer Chu-Carroll, James Fan, David Gondek, Aditya A Kalyanpur, Adam Lally, J William Murdock, Eric Nyberg, John Prager, and others. 2010. Building Watson: An overview of the DeepQA project. AI magazine 31, 3 (2010), 59--79.Google Scholar
- FA Fonte, Juan Carlos, Burguillo Rial, and Martín Llamas Nistal. 2009. TQ-Bot: an AIML-based tutor and evaluator bot. Journal of Universal Computer Science 15, 7 (2009), 1486--1495.Google Scholar
- Bettina Graf, Maike Krüger, Felix Müller, Alexander Ruhland, and Andrea Zech. 2015. Nombot: simplify food tracking. In Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia. ACM, 360--363. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Nathan Green, Jan Kruger, Chirag Faldu, and Robert St. Amant. 2004. A Reduced QWERTY Keyboard for Mobile Text Entry. In CHI '04 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA '04). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 1429--1432. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Charles T Hemphill, John J Godfrey, and George R Doddington. 1990. The ATIS spoken language systems pilot corpus. In Proceedings of the DARPA speech and natural language workshop. 96--101. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Adrian Iftene and Jean Vanderdonckt. 2016. MOOCBuddy: a chatbot for personalized learning with MOOCs. In RoCHI--International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction. 91.Google Scholar
- Philippe Jeanrenaud, Greg Cockroft, and Allard VanderHeidjen. 1999. A multimodal, multilingual telephone application: the wild're electronic assistant.. In EUROSPEECH.Google Scholar
- Henry Kautz, Bart Selman, Michael Coen, Steven Ketchpel, and Chris Ramming. 1994. An experiment in the design of software agents. In AAAI. 438--443. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Ian R Kerr. 2004. Bots, babes and the californication of commerce. University of Ottawa Law and Technology Journal 1, 1--2 (2004), 20004.Google Scholar
- Lorenz Cuno Klopfenstein and Alessandro Bogliolo. 2017. The Quiz-Master Bot: a persistent augmented quiz delivered through online messaging. In INTED2017 Proceedings (11th International Technology, Education and Development Conference). IATED, 9806--9811.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Stefan Kopp, Lars Gesellensetter, Nicole C Krämer, and Ipke Wachsmuth. 2005. A conversational agent as museum guide--design and evaluation of a real-world application. In International Workshop on Intelligent Virtual Agents. Springer, 329--343. Google ScholarDigital Library
- I Scott MacKenzie, Shawn X Zhang, and R William Soukoreff. 1999. Text entry using soft keyboards. Behaviour & Information technology 18, 4 (1999), 235--244.Google Scholar
- RP Mahapatra, Naresh Sharma, Aakash Trivedi, and Chitransh Aman. 2012. Adding interactive interface to E-Government systems using AIML based chatterbots. In Software Engineering (CONSEG), 2012 CSI Sixth International Conference on. IEEE, 1--6.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Michael McTear, Zoraida Callejas, and David Griol. 2016. The Conversational Interface. Springer. Google Scholar
- Fernando A Mikic, Juan C Burguillo, Martín Llamas, Daniel A Rodríguez, and Eduardo Rodríguez. 2009. CHARLIE: An AIML-based Chatterbot which Works as an Interface among INES and Humans. In EAEEIE Annual Conference, 2009. IEEE, 1--6.Google ScholarCross Ref
- San Murugesan. 2013. Mobile apps in Africa. IT Professional 15, 5 (2013), 8--11. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Jeremy Peckham. 1991. Speech Understanding and Dialogue over the telephone: an overview of the ESPRIT SUNDIAL project.. In HLT. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Antonella Santangelo, Agnese Augello, Antonio Gentile, Giovanni Pilato, and Salvatore Gaglio. 2006. A Chat-bot based Multimodal Virtual Guide for Cultural Heritage Tours. In PSC. 114--120.Google Scholar
- Md Shahriare Satu, Md Hasnat Parvez, and others. 2015. Review of integrated applications with AIML based chatbot. In 2015 International Conference on Computer and Information Engineering (ICCIE). IEEE, 87--90.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Stephanie Seneff and Joseph Polifroni. 2000. Dialogue Management in the Mercury Flight Reservation System. In Proceedings of the 2000 ANLP/NAACL Workshop on Conversational Systems - Volume 3 (ANLP/NAACL-ConvSyst '00). Association for Computational Linguistics, Stroudsburg, PA, USA, 11--16. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Abu Shawar, Eric Atwell, and Andrew Roberts. 2005. FAQchat as in Information Retrieval system. In Human Language Technologies as a Challenge for Computer Science and Linguistics: Proceedings of the 2nd Language and Technology Conference. Poznan: Wydawnictwo PoznanÌ Askie: with co-operation of Fundacja Uniwersytetu im. A. Mickiewicza, 274--278.Google Scholar
- Bayan Abu Shawar and Eric Atwell. 2007. Chatbots: are they really useful?. In LDV Forum, Vol. 22. 29--49.Google Scholar
- Alan M Turing. 1950. Computing machinery and intelligence. Mind 59, 236 (1950), 433--460.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Richard Wallace. 2003. The elements of AIML style. Alice AI Foundation (2003).Google Scholar
- Richard S Wallace. 2009. The anatomy of ALICE. In Parsing the Turing Test. Springer, 181--210.Google Scholar
- Joseph Weizenbaum. 1966. ELIZA - a Computer Program for the Study of Natural Language Communication Between Man and Machine. Commun. ACM 9, 1 (Jan. 1966), 36--45. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Will McKitterick. 2015. The Messaging App Report: How instant messaging can be monetized. Technical Report.Google Scholar
- Susan P. Wyche, Sarita Yardi Schoenebeck, and Andrea Forte. 2013. "Facebook is a Luxury": An Exploratory Study of Social Media Use in Rural Kenya. In Proceedings of the 2013 Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW '13). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 33--44. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Mengting Yan, Paul Castro, Perry Cheng, and Vatche Ishakian. 2016. Building a Chatbot with Serverless Computing. In Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Mashups of Things and APIs. ACM, 5. Google ScholarDigital Library
Index Terms
- The Rise of Bots: A Survey of Conversational Interfaces, Patterns, and Paradigms
Recommendations
Humans and bots in internet chat: measurement, analysis, and automated classification
The abuse of chat services by automated programs, known as chat bots, poses a serious threat to Internet users. Chat bots target popular chat networks to distribute spam and malware. In this paper, we first conduct a series of measurements on a large0 ...
Usability testing of a healthcare chatbot: Can we use conventional methods to assess conversational user interfaces?
ECCE '19: Proceedings of the 31st European Conference on Cognitive ErgonomicsChatbots are becoming increasingly popular as a human-computer interface. The traditional best practices normally applied to User Experience (UX) design cannot easily be applied to chatbots, nor can conventional usability testing techniques guarantee ...
The Impact of Memory-Efficient Bots on IoT-WSN Botnet Propagation
AbstractBy successfully infecting certain numbers of nodes in an Internet of Things (IoT) platform, botmaster often relies on specific bots (infected nodes) to scan and gather information about the target nodes for onward propagation of the attack. ...
Comments