Dhruv Jain
Jon E. Froehlich
ABSTRACT
Travel experiences offer a diverse view into an individual's interactions with different cultures, societies, and places. In this paper, we present a 2.5-year autoethnographic travel account of a hard of hearing individual-Jain. Through retrospective journals and field notes, we reveal the tensions and nuances in his travel, including the magnified difficulty of social conversations, issues with navigating unfamiliar environments and cultural contexts, and changes in the relationship to personal assistive technologies. By exploring the longitudinal travel experiences of a single individual, we uncover evocative and personal insights rarely available through participant-based research methods. Based on these lived experiences and post hoc reflections, we present two design explorations of personalized technology the autoethnographer created for aiding his travel. Finally, we offer reflections for customized travel technologies for deaf and hard of hearing users, and methodological guidelines for performing first-person research in the context of disability.
- Sumit Basu, Tanzeem Choudhury, Brian Clarkson, and Alex Pentland. 2001. Towards measuring human interactions in conversational settings. In Proc. IEEE CVPR Workshop on Cues in Communication.Google Scholar
- Cynthia L. Bennett and Daniela K. Rosner. 2019. The Promise of Empathy: Design, Disability, and Knowing the 'Other.' In ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Barbara Bodner-Johnson. 1991. Family conversation style: Its effect on the deaf child's participation. Exceptional Children.Google Scholar
- Ian Bogost. 2012. Alien phenomenology, or, what it's like to be a thing. U of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
- Leah Buechley, Daniela K Rosner, Eric Paulos, and Amanda Williams. 2009. DIY for CHI: Methods, Communities, and Values of Reuse and Customization. In CHI '09 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA '09), 4823--4826.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Dimitrios Buhalis and Simon Darcy. 2010. Accessible tourism: Concepts and issues. Channel View Publications.Google Scholar
- Anna Cavender and Richard E Ladner. 2008. Hearing impairments. In Web accessibility. Springer, 25--35.Google Scholar
- Elizabeth Christie and Geraldine Bloustien. 2010. I-cyborg: Disability, affect and public pedagogy. Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education 31, 4: 483--498.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Juliet M Corbin and Anselm Strauss. 1990. Grounded theory research: Procedures, canons, and evaluative criteria. Qualitative sociology 13, 1: 3--21.Google Scholar
- Sally Jo Cunningham and Matt Jones. 2005. Autoethnography: a tool for practice and education. In Proceedings of the 6th ACM SIGCHI New Zealand chapter's international conference on Computer-human interaction: making CHI natural, 1--8.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Jesper Dammeyer, Christine Lehane, and Marc Marschark. 2017. Use of technological aids and interpretation services among children and adults with hearing loss. International journal of audiology 56, 10: 740--748.Google Scholar
- Marilyn E. Demorest and Sue Ann Erdman. 1986. Scale Composition and Item Analysis of the Communication Profile for the Hearing Impaired. Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research 29, 4: 515--535.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Audrey Desjardins and Aubree Ball. 2018. Revealing Tensions in Autobiographical Design in HCI. In Proceedings of the 2018 Designing Interactive Systems Conference (DIS '18), 753--764.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Paul Dourish. 2004. Where the action is: the foundations of embodied interaction. MIT press.Google Scholar
- Yao Du, LouAnne Boyd, and Seray Ibrahim. 2018. From Behavioral and Communication Intervention to Interaction Design: User Perspectives from Clinicians. In Proceedings of the 20th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS '18), 198--202. https://doi.org/10.1145/3234695.3241480Google ScholarDigital Library
- Margot Duncan. 2004. Autoethnography: Critical Appreciation of an Emerging Art. International Journal of Qualitative Methods 3, 4: 28--39.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Carolyn Ellis, Tony E Adams, and Arthur P Bochner. 2011. Autoethnography: an overview. Historical Social Research/Historische Sozialforschung: 273--290.Google Scholar
- Michele Friedner and Annelies Kusters. 2014. On the possibilities and limits of" DEAF DEAF SAME": Tourism and empowerment camps in Adamorobe (Ghana), Bangalore and Mumbai (India). Disability Studies Quarterly 34, 3.Google Scholar
- Richard S Hallam and Roslyn Corney. 2014. Conversation tactics in persons with normal hearing and hearing-impairment. International journal of audiology 53, 3: 174--81.Google Scholar
- Chia-Huei Ho and Hsi-Hsiang Peng. 2017. Travel motivation for Taiwanese hearing-impaired backpackers. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research 22, 4: 449--464.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Nicholas L Holt. 2003. Representation, legitimation, and autoethnography: An autoethnographic writing story. International journal of qualitative methods 2, 1: 18--28.Google Scholar
- Kristina Höök. 2010. Transferring qualities from horseback riding to design. In Proceedings of the 6th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction: Extending Boundaries, 226--235.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Dhruv Jain, Bonnie Chinh, Leah Findlater, Raja Kushalnagar, and Jon Froehlich. 2018. Exploring Augmented Reality Approaches to Real-Time Captioning: A Preliminary Autoethnographic Study. In Proceedings of the 2018 ACM Conference Companion Publication on Designing Interactive Systems, 7--11.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Dhruv Jain, Rachel Franz, Leah Findlater, Jackson Cannon, Raja Kushalnagar, and Jon Froehlich. 2018. Towards Accessible Conversations in a Mobile Context for People who are Deaf and Hard of Hearing. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS).Google ScholarDigital Library
- John J Kelway, Anke M Brock, Pascal Guitton, Aurélie Millet, and Yasushi Nakata. 2018. Improving the Academic Inclusion of a Student with Special Needs at University Bordeaux. In Proceedings of the 20th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS '18), 52--56. https://doi.org/10.1145/3234695.3241482Google ScholarDigital Library
- Ines Kouh, Manfred Hintermair, and Matjag Debevc. 2016. Community building among deaf and hard of hearing people by using written language on social networking sites. Computers in Human Behavior 65: 295--307.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Annelies Kusters. 2017. When transport becomes a destination: deaf spaces and networks on the Mumbai suburban trains. Journal of Cultural Geography 34, 2: 170--193.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Paddy Ladd and Harlan Lane. 2013. Deaf ethnicity, deafhood, and their relationship. Sign Language Studies 13, 4: 565--579.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Christian Laesser, Pietro Beritelli, and Thomas Bieger. 2009. Solo travel: Explorative insights from a mature market (Switzerland). Journal of Vacation Marketing 15, 3: 217--227.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Andrés Lucero. 2018. Living Without a Mobile Phone: An Autoethnography. In Proceedings of the 2018 Designing Interactive Systems Conference (DIS '18), 765--776.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Michella Maiorana-Basas and Claudia M Pagliaro. 2014. Technology use among adults who are deaf and hard of hearing: A national survey. Journal of deaf studies and deaf education 19, 3: 400--410.Google ScholarCross Ref
- John McCarthy and Peter Wright. 2004. Technology as experience. interactions 11, 5: 42--43.Google Scholar
- Bob McKercher and Simon Darcy. 2018. Re-conceptualizing barriers to travel by people with disabilities. Tourism Management Perspectives 26: 59--66.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Muhamet Mehmetoglu, Graham M S Dann, and Svein Larsen. 2001. Solitary Travellers in the Norwegian Lofoten Islands: Why Do People Travel On Their Own? Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism 1, 1: 19--37.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Eleni Michopoulou, Simon Darcy, Ivor Ambrose, and Dimitros Buhalis. 2015. Accessible tourism futures: the world we dream to live in and the opportunities we hope to have. Journal of Tourism Futures 1, 3: 179--188.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Matthew S Moore. 1992. For Hearing people only: Answers to some of the most commonly asked questions about the Deaf community, its culture, and the" Deaf Reality". Deaf Life Press.Google Scholar
- Joseph J Murray. 2008. Coequality and transnational studies: Understanding deaf lives. Open your eyes: Deaf studies talking: 100--110.Google Scholar
- Carman Neustaedter and Phoebe Sengers. 2012. Autobiographical Design in HCI Research: Designing and Learning Through Use-it-yourself. In Proceedings of the Designing Interactive Systems Conference (DIS '12), 514--523.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Carman Neustaedter and Phoebe Sengers. 2012. Autobiographical design: what you can learn from designing for yourself. interactions 19, 6: 28--33.Google Scholar
- Tanya L Packer, Tanya L Packer, Bob Mckercher, and Matthew K Yau. 2007. Understanding the complex interplay between tourism, disability and environmental contexts. Disability and rehabilitation 29, 4: 281--292.Google Scholar
- Phil Parette and Marcia Scherer. 2004. Assistive Technology Use and Stigma. Education and Training in Developmental Disabilities-September 2004: 217--226.Google Scholar
- Erin M Picou, Todd A Ricketts, and Benjamin W Y Hornsby. 2013. How Hearing Aids, Background Noise, and Visual Cues Influence Objective Listening Effort. Ear and Hearing 34, 5.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Sebastiaan Pijnappel and Florian Mueller. 2013. 4 Design Themes for Skateboarding. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '13), 1271--1274.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Yaniv Poria, Arie Reichel, Yael Brandt, D Buhalis, and S Darcy. 2011. Blind people's tourism experiences: An exploratory study. Accessible tourism: Concepts and issues 45.Google Scholar
- Mary R Power, Des Power, and Louise Horstmanshof. 2006. Deaf people communicating via SMS, TTY, relay service, fax, and computers in Australia. Journal of deaf studies and deaf education 12, 1: 80--92.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Abi Roper, Ian Davey, Stephanie Wilson, Timothy Neate, Jane Marshall, and Brian Grellmann. 2018. Usability Testing - An Aphasia Perspective. In Proceedings of the 20th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS '18), 102--106. https://doi.org/10.1145/3234695.3241481Google ScholarDigital Library
- Ulrike Schultze. 2000. A Confessional Account of an Ethnography about Knowledge Work. MIS Quarterly 24, 1: 3--41.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Phoebe Sengers. 2011. What I Learned on Change Islands: Reflections on IT and Pace of Life. interactions 18, 2: 40--48.Google Scholar
- Kristen Shinohara and Jacob O Wobbrock. 2016. Self-Conscious or Self-Confident? A Diary Study Conceptualizing the Social Accessibility of Assistive Technology. ACM Trans. Access. Comput. 8, 2: 5:1--5:31.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Kristen Shinohara and JO Wobbrock. 2011. In the shadow of misperception: assistive technology use and social interactions. SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in HCI: 705--714.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Per Koren Solvang and Hilde Haualand. 2014. Accessibility and diversity: Deaf space in action. Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research 16, 1: 1--13.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Joshua G Tanenbaum, Amanda M Williams, Audrey Desjardins, and Karen Tanenbaum. 2013. Democratizing Technology: Pleasure, Utility and Expressiveness in DIY and Maker Practice. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '13), 2603--2612.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Jacob O Wobbrock, Shaun K Kane, Krzysztof Z Gajos, Susumu Harada, and Jon Froehlich. 2011. Ability-Based Design: Concept, Principles and Examples. ACM Trans. Access. Comput. 3, 3: 9:1--9:27.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Bencie Woll. 2012. Speechreading Revisited. Deafness & Education International 14, 1: 16--21.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Alina Zajadacz. 2015. Evolution of models of disability as a basis for further policy changes in accessible tourism. Journal of Tourism Futures 1, 3: 189--202.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Alina Zajadacz and Joanna Sniadek. 2013. Tourism Activities of Deaf Poles. Physical Culture and Spots Studies LVIII: 17--32.Google Scholar
- Why I won't "try on" disability to build empathy in the design process (and you should think twice?. Retrieved April 18, 2019 from https://blog.prototypr.io/why-i-wont-try-on-disability-to-build-empathy-in-the-design-process-and-you-should-think-twice-7086ed6202aaGoogle Scholar
- Liz Jackson's keynote - Interaction 19 -- 3--8 February 2019 Seattle, WA. Retrieved April 18, 2019 from https://interaction19.ixda.org/program/keynote--liz-jackson/Google Scholar
- Deaf Travel | Must-Read Tips For Hearing Impaired Globtrotters. Retrieved January 16, 2019 from https://jessieonajourney.com/deaf-travel/Google Scholar
- Deaf Friendly Tourism - Epoca360. Retrieved January 16, 2019 from https://www.epoca360.com/en/tailored-travel/deaf-friendly-tourismGoogle Scholar
- Deaf Travel -- cestovatelský provodce pro neslyící. Retrieved January 16, 2019 from http://www.deaftravel.cz/Google Scholar
- What is real-time captioning? | UW DO-IT. Retrieved December 13, 2017 from https://www.washington.edu/doit/what-real-time-captioningGoogle Scholar
- Real Time Mobile Captioning For Hearing Loss - InnoCaption. Retrieved January 16, 2019 from https://www.innocaption.com/Google Scholar
- Amazon.com?: Hey Mic! Bluetooth Microphone. Retrieved January 16, 2019 from https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B075K3K8M3/ref=ppx_yo_dt_b_asin_title_o01__o00_s00?ie=UTF8&psc=1Google Scholar
- How Design for One Turns Into Design for All - The New York Times. Retrieved January 16, 2019 from https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/24/arts/design/cooper-hewitt-access-ability.htmlGoogle Scholar
Index Terms
- Autoethnography of a Hard of Hearing Traveler
Recommendations
How people who are deaf, Deaf, and hard of hearing use technology in creative sound activities
ASSETS '22: Proceedings of the 24th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and AccessibilityCreative sound activities, such as music playing and audio engineering, are said to have been democratized with the development of technology. Yet, the use of technology in creative sound activities by people who are deaf, Deaf, and hard of hearing (DHH)...
Deaf and hard-of-hearing users' preferences for hearing speakers' behavior during technology-mediated in-person and remote conversations
W4A '21: Proceedings of the 18th International Web for All ConferenceVarious technologies mediate synchronous audio-visual one-on-one communication (SAVOC) between Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing (DHH) and hearing colleagues, including automatic-captioning smartphone apps for in-person settings, or text-chat features of ...
Audio Engineering by People Who Are deaf and Hard of Hearing: Balancing Confidence and Limitations
CHI '24: Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing SystemsWith technological advancements, audio engineering has evolved from a domain exclusive to professionals to one open to amateurs. However, research is limited on the accessibility of audio engineering, particularly for deaf, Deaf, and hard of hearing (DHH)...
Comments