Abstract
We introduce the notion of image-driven simplification, a framework that uses images to decide which portions of a model to simplify. This is a departure from approaches that make polygonal simplification decisions based on geometry. As with many methods, we use the edge collapse operator to make incremental changes to a model. Unique to our approach, however, is the use at comparisons between images of the original model against those of a simplified model to determine the cost of an ease collapse. We use common graphics rendering hardware to accelerate the creation of the required images. As expected, this method produces models that are close to the original model according to image differences. Perhaps more surprising, however, is that the method yields models that have high geometric fidelity as well. Our approach also solves the quandary of how to weight the geometric distance versus appearance properties such as normals, color, and texture. All of these trade-offs are balanced by the image metric. Benefits of this approach include high fidelity silhouettes, extreme simplification of hidden portions of a model, attention to shading interpolation effects, and simplification that is sensitive to the content of a texture. In order to better preserve the appearance of textured models, we introduce a novel technique for assigning texture coordinates to the new vertices of the mesh. This method is based on a geometric heuristic that can be integrated with any edge collapse algorithm to produce high quality textured surfaces.
- ATHERTON, P. R. 1981. A method of interactive visualization of cad surface models on a color video display. In Proceedings of the Conference on Computer Graphics (SIGGRAPH 81, Dallas, TX, Aug.). 279-287. Google Scholar
- BOLIN,M.R.AND MEYER, G. W. 1998. A perceptually based adaptive sampling algorithm. In Proceedings of the 25th Annual Conference on Computer Graphics (SIGGRAPH '98, Orlando, FL, July 19-24), S. Cunningham, W. Bransford, and M. F. Cohen, Chairs. ACM Press, New York, NY, 299-309. Google Scholar
- CIAMPALINI, A., CIGNONI, P., MONTANI, C., AND SCOPIGNO, R. 1997. Multiresolution decimation based on global error. Visual Comput. 13, 5, 228-246.Google ScholarCross Ref
- CIGNONI, P., ROCCHINI, C., AND SCOPIGNO, R. 1998. Metro: Measuring error on simplified surfaces. Comput. Graph. Forum 17, 2, 167-174.Google ScholarCross Ref
- COHEN, J., MANOCHA, D., AND OLANO, M. 1997. Simplifying polygonal models using successive mappings. In Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Visualization (IEEE Visualization '97, Nov.), R. Yagel and H. Hagen, Eds. 395-402. Google Scholar
- COHEN, J., OLANO, M., AND MANOCHA, D. 1998. Appearance-perserving simplification. In Proceedings of the 25th Annual Conference on Computer Graphics (SIGGRAPH '98, Orlando, FL, July 19-24), S. Cunningham, W. Bransford, and M. F. Cohen, Chairs. ACM Press, New York, NY, 115-122. Google Scholar
- COHEN, J., VARSHNEY, A., MANOCHA, D., TURK, G., WEBER, H., AGARWAL, P., BROOKS, F., AND WRIGHT, W. 1996. Simplification envelopes. In Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Conference on Computer Graphics (SIGGRAPH '96, New Orleans, LA, Aug. 4-9), J. Fujii, Chair. Annual conference series. ACM Press, New York, NY, 119-128. Google Scholar
- DALY, S. 1993. The visible differences predictor: An algorithm for the assessment of image fidelity. In Digital Images and Human Vision, A. B. Watson, Ed. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 179-206. Google Scholar
- EL-SANA, J. 1999. Generalized view-dependent simplification. Comput. Graph. Forum 18,3 (Sept.), 83-94.Google ScholarCross Ref
- EL-SANA,J.A.,AZANLI, E., AND VARSHNEY, A. 1999. Skip strips: Maintaining triangle strips for view-dependent rendering. In Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Visualization (IEEE Visualization '99, San Francisco, CA, Oct.), D. Ebert, M. Gross, and B. Hamann, Eds. IEEE Press, Piscataway, NJ, 131-138. Google Scholar
- ERIKSON,C.AND MANOCHA, D. 1999. Gaps: General and automatic polygonal simplification. In Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics (Apr.), J. Hodgins and J. D. Foley, Eds. 79-88. Google Scholar
- FERWERDA,J.A.,SHIRLEY, P., PATTANAIK,S.N.,AND GREENBERG, D. P. 1997. A model of visual masking for computer graphics. In Proceedings of the 24th Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques (SIGGRAPH '97, Los Angeles, CA, Aug. 3-8), G. S. Owen, T. Whitted, and B. Mones-Hattal, Chairs. ACM Press/Addison-Wesley Publ. Co., New York, NY, 143-152. Google Scholar
- GARLAND,M.AND HECKBERT, P. S. 1997. Surface simplification using quadric error metrics. In Proceedings of the 24th Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques (SIGGRAPH '97, Los Angeles, CA, Aug. 3-8), G. S. Owen, T. Whitted, and B. Mones-Hattal, Chairs. ACM Press/Addison-Wesley Publ. Co., New York, NY, 209-216. Google Scholar
- GARLAND,M.AND HECKBERT, P. S. 1998. Simplifying surfaces with color and texture using quadric error metrics. In Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Visualization (Visualiza-tion '98, Research Triangle Park, NC, Oct. 18-23), T.-M. Rhyne and R. Moorhead, Chairs. IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos, CA, 263-269. Google Scholar
- GORTLER,S.J.,GRZESZCZUK, R., SZELISKI, R., AND COHEN, M. F. 1996. The Lumigraph. In Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Conference on Computer Graphics (SIGGRAPH '96, New Orleans, LA, Aug. 4-9), J. Fujii, Chair. Annual conference series. ACM Press, New York, NY, 43-54. Google Scholar
- GU, X., GORTLER,S.J.,HOPPE, H., MCMILLAN, L., BROWN,B.J.,AND STONE, A. D. 1999. Silhouette mapping. Tech. Rep. TR-1-99. Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
- HOPPE, H. 1996. Progressive meshes. In Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Conference on Computer Graphics (SIGGRAPH '96, New Orleans, LA, Aug. 4-9), J. Fujii, Chair. Annual conference series. ACM Press, New York, NY, 99-108. Google Scholar
- HOPPE, H. 1997. View-dependent refinement of progressive meshes. In Proceedings of the 24th Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques (SIGGRAPH '97, Los Angeles, CA, Aug. 3-8), G. S. Owen, T. Whitted, and B. Mones-Hattal, Chairs. ACM Press/Addison-Wesley Publ. Co., New York, NY, 189-198. Google Scholar
- HOPPE, H., DEROSE, T., DUCHAMP, T., MCDONALD, J., AND STUETZLE, W. 1993. Mesh optimization. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer Graphics (SIGGRAPH '93, Anaheim, CA, Aug. 1-6), M. C. Whitton, Chair. ACM Press, New York, NY, 19-26. Google Scholar
- HOPPE, H. H. 1999. New quadric metric for simplifying meshes with appearance attributes. In Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Visualization (IEEE Visualization '99, San Francisco, CA, Oct.), D. Ebert, M. Gross, and B. Hamann, Eds. IEEE Press, Piscat-away, NJ, 59-66. Google Scholar
- KOBBELT, L., CAMPAGNA, S., AND SEIDEL, H.-P. 1998. A general framework for mesh decimation. In Graphics Interface '98, K. Booth and A. Fournier, Eds. 43-50.Google Scholar
- LEVOY,M.AND HANRAHAN, P. 1996. Light field rendering. In Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Conference on Computer Graphics (SIGGRAPH '96, New Orleans, LA, Aug. 4-9), J. Fujii, Chair. Annual conference series. ACM Press, New York, NY, 31-42. Google Scholar
- L~VY,B.AND MALLET, J.-L. 1998. Non-distorted texture mapping for sheared triangulated meshes. In Proceedings of the 25th Annual Conference on Computer Graphics (SIGGRAPH '98, Orlando, FL, July 19-24), S. Cunningham, W. Bransford, and M. F. Cohen, Chairs. ACM Press, New York, NY, 343-352. Google Scholar
- LINDSTROM,P.AND TURK, G. 1998. Fast and memory efficient polygonal simplification. In Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Visualization (Visualization '98, Research Triangle Park, NC, Oct. 18-23), T.-M. Rhyne and R. Moorhead, Chairs. IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos, CA, 279-286. Google Scholar
- LINDSTROM,P.AND TURK, G. 1999. Evaluation of memoryless simplification. IEEE Trans. Visual. Comput. Graph. 5, 2 (Apr-Jun), 98-115. Google ScholarDigital Library
- LUBIN, J. 1995. A visual discrimination model for imaging system design and development. In Vision Models for Target Detection and Recognition. World Scientific Publishing Co., Inc., River Edge, NJ, 245-283.Google Scholar
- LUEBKE,D.AND ERIKSON, C. 1997. View-dependent simplification of arbitrary polygonal environments. In Proceedings of the 24th Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques (SIGGRAPH '97, Los Angeles, CA, Aug. 3-8), G. S. Owen, T. Whitted, and B. Mones-Hattal, Chairs. ACM Press/Addison-Wesley Publ. Co., New York, NY, 199-208. Google Scholar
- MACIEL,P.W.C.AND SHIRLEY, P. 1995. Visual navigation of large environments using textured clusters. In Proceedings of the 1995 Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics (Monterey, CA, Apr. 9-12), M. Zyda, Chair. ACM Press, New York, NY, 95-102. Google Scholar
- MCMILLAN,L.AND BISHOP, G. 1995. Plenoptic modeling: An image-based rendering system. In Proceedings of the 22nd Annual ACM Conference on Computer Graphics (SIGGRAPH '95, Los Angeles, CA, Aug. 9-11), S. G. Mair and R. Cook, Eds. Annual conference series. ACM Press, New York, NY, 39-46. Google Scholar
- RAMASUBRAMANIAN, M., PATTANAIK, S., AND GREENBERG, D. 1999. A perceptually based physical error metric for realistic image synthesis. In Proceedings of the Conference on Computer Graphics (SIGGRAPH 99, Aug.). ACM Press, New York, NY, 73-82. Google Scholar
- RONFARD,R.AND ROSSIGNAC, J. 1996. Full-range approximation of triangulated polyhedra. Comput. Graph. Forum 15, 3, 67-76.Google ScholarCross Ref
- ROSSIGNAC,J.AND BORREL, P. 1993. Multi-resolution 3d approximations for rendering complex scenes. In Modeling in Computer Graphics, B. Falciendo and T. L. Kunii, Eds. Springer-Verlag, New York, NY, 455-465.Google Scholar
- RUSHMEIER, H., LARSON,G.W.,PIATKO, C., SANDERS, P., AND RUST, B. 1995. Comparing real and synthetic images: Some ideas about metrics. In Proceedings of the Eurographics Workshop on Rendering (Dublin, Ireland, June), P. Hanrahan and W. Purgathofer, Eds. 82-91.Google Scholar
- SCHROEDER, W. J. 1997. A topology modifying progressive decimation algorithm. In Proceedings of the Conference on Visualization (Visualization '97, Phoenix, AZ, Oct. 19-24), R. Yagel and H. Hagen, Eds. ACM Press, New York, NY, 205ff. Google Scholar
- SCHROEDER,W.J.,ZARGE,J.A.,AND LORENSEN, W. E. 1992. Decimation of triangle meshes. SIGGRAPH Comput. Graph. 26, 2 (July), 65-70. Google ScholarDigital Library
- XIA,J.C.,EL-SANA, J., AND VARSHNEY, A. 1997. Adaptive real-time level-of-detail-based rendering for polygonal models. IEEE Trans. Visual. Comput. Graph. 3, 2 (Apr-Jun), 171-183. Google ScholarDigital Library
- XIA,J.C.AND VARSHNEY, A. 1996. Dynamic view-dependent simplification for polygonal models. In Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Visualization (San Francisco, CA, Oct. 27:Nov. 1), R. Yagel and G. M. Nielson, Eds. IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos, CA, 327-334. Google Scholar
Index Terms
- Image-driven simplification
Recommendations
Approximate shading for the re-illumination of synthetic images
VIS '01: Proceedings of the conference on Visualization '01This paper presents a novel method to estimate illumination-dependent properties in image synthesis prior to rendering. A preprocessing step is described in which a linear image basis is developed and a lighting-independent formulation defined. A ...
Simplification of unstructured tetrahedral meshes by point sampling
VG'05: Proceedings of the Fourth Eurographics / IEEE VGTC conference on Volume GraphicsTetrahedral meshes are widely used in scientific computing for representing three-dimensional scalar, vector, and tensor fields. The size and complexity of some of these meshes can limit the performance of many visualization algorithms, making it hard ...
Comments