ABSTRACT
These days, Web authors try to describe as much information as possible in one page using various types of visual effects. This information is visually fragmented into groupings. Blind users read the Web contents in tag order, but visually fragmented groupings are not accessible using tag order reading. In addition, the Web contents are designed to be visually appealing using a lot of images. This style makes nonvisual Web access harder. Therefore we decided to develop an annotation-based transcoding system to convert already-existing Web pages to be accessible, which works between a Web server and a user. It consists of two components, one for structural annotations and one for commentary annotations. Structural annotations are used to recognize visually fragmented groupings as well as to show the importance and basic role of each group. Commentary annotations are used to give users a useful description of each grouping. In this paper, we will describe our transcoding method for nonvisual Web access based on the annotations.
- 1.Asakawa C. User Interface of a Home Page Reader, in Proceedings of The Third International ACM Conference on Assistive Technologies ASSETS '98 (April 1998), 149-156. Google ScholarDigital Library
- 2.Asakawa C. User Interface of a Non-visual Web Access System, in Transactions on Information Processing Society of Japan Vol. 40 No.2 (Feb. 1999), 453-459.Google Scholar
- 3.Dardailler D. The ALT-server ("An eye for an alt"), http://www.w3.org/WAI/altserv.htmGoogle Scholar
- 4.Home Page Reader: IBM Accessibility Center, http://www-3.ibm.com/able/Google Scholar
- 5.Document Object Model (DOM), World Wide Web Consortium, http://www.w3.org/DOM/Google Scholar
- 6.Hori M, Kondoh G, Ono S, Hirose S, and Singhal S. Annotation-Based Web Content Transcoding, in Proceedings of The Ninth International World Wide Web Conference (WWW9) (May 2000). Google ScholarDigital Library
- 7.JAWS, Henter-Joyce, Inc., http://www.hj.com/Google Scholar
- 8.Nagao K. Semantic Transcoding: Making the World Wide Web More Understandable and Usable with External Annotations, in Proceedings of International Conference on Advanced in Infrastructure for Electronic Business, Science, and Education on the Internet (2000).Google Scholar
- 9.pwWebSpeak: The Productivity Works, http://www.prodworks.com/catalog/catalog_pwwebspeak.htmlGoogle Scholar
- 10.Roscheisen M., Mogensen C, and Winograd T. Shared Web annotations as a platform for third-party value-added information providers: Architecture, protocols, and usage examples, in Technical Report CSDTR/DLTR. Computer Science Department, Stanford University (1995). Google ScholarDigital Library
- 11.Schickler A. M., Mazer S. M., and Brooks C. Pan-browser support for annotations and other meta-information on the World Wide Web, in Proceedings of Computer Networks and ISDN Systems Vol. 28 (1996). Google ScholarDigital Library
- 12.Thatcher, J. Screen Reader/2: Access to OS/2 and the graphical user interface, in Proceedings of The First Annual ACM Conference on Assistive Technologies ASSETS '94 (Nov. 1994), 39-47. Google ScholarDigital Library
- 13.Web Access Initiative (WAI): World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), http://www.w3.org/WAI/Google Scholar
- 14.Web Access Gateway: the Association of C and C++ Users, http://www.accu.org/cgi-bin/access/accessGoogle Scholar
- 15.Web Access Initiative (WAI) Evaluation and Repair Tools Interest/Working Group: World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/IG/Google Scholar
- 16.Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 1.0: World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), http://www.w3.org/TR/WAI-WEBCONTENT/Google Scholar
- 17.WebSphere Transcoding Publisher, IBM Corporation, http://www-4.ibm.com/software/webservers/transcoding/Google Scholar
- 18.Window-Eyes: GW Micro, Inc., http://www.gwmicro.com/Google Scholar
- 19.Xerces: Apache XML Project, The Apache Software Foundation, http://xml.apache.org/Google Scholar
- 20.XML Path Language (XPath): World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), http://www.w3.org/TR/xpathGoogle Scholar
Index Terms
- Annotation-based transcoding for nonvisual web access
Recommendations
Universal and ubiquitous web access with Capti
W4A '12: Proceedings of the International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web AccessibilityIn this paper we present Capti -- a universally and ubiquitously accessible web browsing application enabling intuitive and usable web access for people with and w/o vision impairments. Capti provides a usable screen-reader interface for web browsing ...
Transcoding proxy for nonvisual web access
Assets '00: Proceedings of the fourth international ACM conference on Assistive technologiesThese days, the web has been coming to play various types of roles, so each site has been designed in a complex way to integrate as many roles as possible. Web authors tend to cram various functions and many links into one page to improve usability ...
Adapting data table to improve web accessibility
W4A '13: Proceedings of the 10th International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web AccessibilityWeb table understanding is challenging for people with visual disability. They depend on screen readers to convey the table information. Screen readers present content linearly to users, but if the table is large, the user may have long forgotten the ...
Comments