Abstract
We model phenomena intermediate between shape and texture by using space-filling applicative functions to modulate density. The model is essentially an extension of procedural solid texture synthesis, but evaluated throughout a volumetric region instead of only at surfaces.We have been able to obtain visually realistic representations of such shape+texture (hypertexture) phenomena as hair, fur, fire, glass, fluid flow and erosion effects. We show how this is done, first by describing a set of base level functions to provide basic texture and control capability, then by combining these to synthesize various phenomena.Hypertexture exists within an intermediate region between object and not-object. We introduce a notion of generalized boolean shape operators to combine shapes having such a region.Rendering is accomplished by ray marching from the eye point through the volume to accumulate opacity along each ray. We have implemented our hypertexture rendering algorithms on a traditional serial computer, a distributed network of computers and a coarse-grain MIMD computer. Extensions to the rendering technique incorporating refraction and reflection effects are discussed.
- 1 Tuy, H. and Tuy, L. Direct 2-D Display of 3-D Objects, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 4, 10 (October 1984), pp. 29-33.Google ScholarCross Ref
- 2 Lorensen, W. Marching Cubes: A High Resolution 3D Surface Construction Algorithm, In Computer Graphics 21, 4 (July 1987), pp. 163-169. Google ScholarDigital Library
- 3 Perlin, K. Functionally Based Modeling. SIG- GRAPH Course Notes (August 1988).Google Scholar
- 4 Frieder, G., Gordon, D. and Reynolds, R. A. Backto-Front Display of Voxel-Based Objects, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, (January 1985), pp. 52-60.Google Scholar
- 5 Perlin, K. An Image Synthesizer, In Computer Graphics 19, 3 (July 1985). Google ScholarDigital Library
- 6 Kaufman, Arie. Efficient Algorithms for 3D Scan- Conversion of Parametric Curves, Surfaces and Volumes, In Computer Graphics 21, 4 (July 1987). Google ScholarDigital Library
- 7 Levoy, Marc. Volume Rendering: Display of Surface from Volume Data, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications (May 1988), pp. 29-36. Google ScholarDigital Library
- 8 Drebin, R., Carpenter, L. and Hanrahan, P. Volume Rendering, In Computer Graphics 22, 4 (August 1988). Google ScholarDigital Library
- 9 Sabella, Paolo. A Rendering Algorithm for Visualizing 3D Scalar Fields, in Computer Graphics 22, 4 (August 1988). Google ScholarDigital Library
- 10 Upson, C. and Keeler, M. V-BUFFER: Visible Volume Rendering, In Computer Graphics 22, 4 (August 1988). Google ScholarDigital Library
- 11 Kaufman, A. and Bakalash, R. A 3D Cellular Frame Buffer, Proceedings of EUROGRAPHICS 1985 (September 1985), Nice, France, pp. 215-220.Google Scholar
- 12 Amanatides, J. and Woo, A., A Fast Voxel Traversal Algorithm for Ray Tracing, Proceedings of EURO- GRAPttlCS 1987 (Amsterdam, Holland), pp. 3-10.Google Scholar
- 13 Toth, D. L., On Ray Tracing Parametric Surfaces, In Computer Graphics 19, 3 (August 1985). Google ScholarDigital Library
- 14 Potmesil, M. and Hoffert, E., The Pixel Machine: A Parallel Image Computer, In Computer Graphics 23, 3 (August 1989). Google ScholarDigital Library
- 15 Blinn, J., A Generalization of Algebraic Surface Drawing, "ACM Transactions on Graphics 1," pp 235., 1982. Google ScholarDigital Library
- 16 Kajiya, J., Herzen, B., "Ray Tracing Volume Densities," In Computer Graphics 18, 3 (August 1984). Google ScholarDigital Library
- 17 Norton, A. Clamping: A Method of Antialiasing Textured Surfaces by Bandwidth Limiting in Object Space. In Computer Graphics 16, 3 (August 1982). Google ScholarDigital Library
- 18 Zadeh, L. A., Fuzzy Sets and Applications (selected papers), John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1987. Google ScholarDigital Library
- 19 Zimmerman, H. J., Fuzzy Set Theory- and Its Applications, Kluwer-Nijhoff, Hingham, 1985, pp. 30-36. Google ScholarDigital Library
- 20 Menzel, D. H., ed., Fundamental Formulas of Physics, vol. 2, Dover, New York, 1960, pp. 370-371.Google Scholar
- 21 Cook, R., Distributed Ray Tracing, In Computer Graphics 18, 3 (August 1984). Google ScholarDigital Library
- 22 Perlin, K., Synthesizing Realistic Textures by the Composition of Perceptually Motivated Functions {Ph.D. Dissertation}, New York University, (Feb. 1986). Google ScholarDigital Library
- 23 Kajiya, J., Anisotropic Reflection Models. In Computer Graphics 19, 3 (August 1985). Google ScholarDigital Library
Index Terms
- Hypertexture
Recommendations
Hypertexture
SIGGRAPH '89: Proceedings of the 16th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniquesWe model phenomena intermediate between shape and texture by using space-filling applicative functions to modulate density. The model is essentially an extension of procedural solid texture synthesis, but evaluated throughout a volumetric region instead ...
Interactive Approximate Rendering of Reflections, Refractions, and Caustics
Reflections, refractions, and caustics are very important for rendering global illumination images. Although many methods can be applied to generate these effects, the rendering performance is not satisfactory for interactive applications. In this paper,...
Comments