ABSTRACT
There is a growing body of research exploring new network architectures for the data center. These proposals all seek to improve the scalability and cost-effectiveness of current data center networks, but adopt very different approaches to doing so. For example, some proposals build networks entirely out of switches while others do so using a combination of switches and servers. How do these different network architectures compare? For that matter, by what metrics should we even begin to compare these architectures?
Understanding the tradeoffs between different approaches is important both for operators making deployment decisions and to guide future research. In this paper, we take a first step toward understanding the tradeoffs between different data center network architectures. We use high-level models of different classes of data center networks and compare them on cost using both current and predicted trends in cost and power consumption.
- Arista 7148sx. http://www.aristanetworks.com/media/system/pdf/7100_Datasheet.pdf.Google Scholar
- Arista networks. http://www.aristanetworks.com.Google Scholar
- AWS - High Performance Computing. http://aws.amazon.com/hpc-applications/.Google Scholar
- The degree/diameter problem. http://www-mat.upc.es/grup_de_grafs/table_g.html.Google Scholar
- Hotlava systems. http://www.hotlavasystems.com.Google Scholar
- Hotlava tambora 120g6. http://www.hotlavasystems.com/pdfs/HLS_TamboraDS.pdf.Google Scholar
- Intel corporation. http://www.intel.com.Google Scholar
- Intel shares vision for the future - "sandy bridge" project. http://www.intel.com/pressroom/archive/releases/20100412comp.htm.Google Scholar
- J. Nielsen Nielsen's Law of Internet Bandwidth, http://www.useit.com/alertbox/980405.html, 1998.Google Scholar
- Quanta. http://www.quantatw.com.Google Scholar
- Supermicro. http://www.supermicro.com.Google Scholar
- Cisco's Switch Market Grows but Competition Increases, 2010. http://seekingalpha.com/article/201675-cisco-s-switch-market-grows-but-competition-increases.Google Scholar
- Us energy information administration, 2010. http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/electricity/epm/table5_6_a.html.Google Scholar
- H. Abu-Libdeh, P. Costa, A. Rowstron, G. O'Shea, and A. Donnelly. Symbiotic Routing in Future Data Centers. In ACM SIGCOMM, 2010. Google ScholarDigital Library
- M. Al-Fares, A. Loukissas, and A. Vahdat. A scalable, commodity data center network architecture. In SIGCOMM. ACM, 2008. Google ScholarDigital Library
- L. A. Barroso and U. Hölzle. The Case for Energy-Proportional Computing. Computer, 2007. Google ScholarDigital Library
- T. Benson, A. Anand, A. Akella, and M. Zhang. Understanding Data Center Traffic Characteristics. In WREN, pages 65--72, New York, NY, USA, 2009. ACM. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Carrie Higbie. Are You Dense?, 2009. http://www.siemon.com/us/white_papers/05-09-26_dense.asp.Google Scholar
- Cisco. Data center infrastructure 2.5 design guide. 2010.Google Scholar
- M. Dobrescu, N. Egi, K. Argyraki, B.-g. Chun, K. Fall, G. Iannaccone, A. Knies, M. Manesh, and S. Ratnasamy. RouteBricks: Exploiting Parallelism to Scale Software Routers. In ACM SOSP, 2009. Google ScholarDigital Library
- J. M. González, V. Paxson, and N. Weaver. Shunting: a hardware/software architecture for flexible, high-performance network intrusion prevention. In ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security. ACM, 2007. Google ScholarDigital Library
- A. Greenberg, J. Hamilton, D. A. Maltz, and P. Patel. The Cost of a Cloud: Research Problems in Data Center Networks. SIGCOMM Comput. Commun. Rev., 2009. Google ScholarDigital Library
- A. Greenberg, J. R. Hamilton, N. Jain, S. Kandula, C. Kim, P. Lahiri, D. A. Maltz, P. Patel, and S. Sengupta. VL2: A Scalable and Flexible Data Center Network. ACM SIGCOMM, August 17--21 2009. Google ScholarDigital Library
- C. Guo, G. Lu, D. Li, H. Wu, X. Zhang, Y. Shi, C. Tian, Y. Zhang, and S. Lu. BCube: A High Performance, Server-centric Network Architecture for Modular Data Centers. ACM SIGCOMM, 2009. Google ScholarDigital Library
- C. Guo, H. Wu, K. Tan, L. Shi, Y. Zhang, and S. Lu. Dcell: A Scalable and Fault-tolerant Network Structure for Data Centers. In SIGCOMM. ACM, 2008. Google ScholarDigital Library
- S. Han, K. Jang, K. Park, and S. Moon. PacketShader: a GPU-Accelerated Software Router. In ACM SIGCOMM, 2010. Google ScholarDigital Library
- R. Hays. Active/Idle Toggling with Low-Power Idle, http://www.ieee802.org/3/az/public/jan08/hays_01_0108.pdf, 2008.Google Scholar
- U. Hoelzle and L. A. Barroso. The Datacenter as a Computer: An Introduction to the Design of Warehouse-Scale Machines. Morgan and Claypool Publishers, 2009. Google ScholarDigital Library
- J. Touch and R. Perlman. RFC5556 - Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL): Problem and Applicability Statement, May 2009. http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5556.Google Scholar
- S. Kandula, J. Padhye, and P. Bahl. Flyways to de-congest data center networks. In HotNets, 2009.Google Scholar
- C. Kim, M. Caesar, and J. Rexford. Floodless in seattle: a scalable ethernet architecture for large enterprises. In SIGCOMM. ACM, 2008. Google ScholarDigital Library
- P. Mahadevan, P. Sharma, S. Banerjee, and P. Ranganathan. A power benchmarking framework for network devices. In L. Fratta, H. Schulzrinne, Y. Takahashi and O. Spaniol, editors, Networking, volume 5550 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, 2009. Google ScholarDigital Library
- R. N. Mysore, A. Pamboris, N. Farrington, N. Huang, P. Miri, S. Radhakrishnan, V. Subramanya, and A. Vahdat. Portland: a scalable fault-tolerant layer 2 data center network fabric. In SIGCOMM, New York, NY, USA, 2009. ACM. Google ScholarDigital Library
- L. Popa, N. Egi, S. Ratnasamy, and I. Stoica. Building Extensible Networks with Rule-Based Forwarding. In USENIX OSDI, 2010. Google ScholarDigital Library
- SGI. http://www.sgi.com/.Google Scholar
- M. Sridar. The Undirected de Bruijn Graph: Fault Tolerance and Routing Algorithms. IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems-1: Fundamentr J Theory and Applications, 1992.Google Scholar
- Srikanth K and Sudipta Sengupta and Albert Greenberg and Parveen Patel and Ronnie Chaiken. The Nature of Datacenter Traff c: Measurements & Analysis. In IMC: Internet Measurement Conference. ACM, November 2009. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Thinkmate Blade Servers. http://www.thinkmate.com/Computer_Systems/Blade_Servers.Google Scholar
Index Terms
- A cost comparison of datacenter network architectures
Recommendations
Infrastructure Cost Comparison of Intra-Data Centre Network Architectures
2018 IEEE 29th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)This paper presents an evaluation and comparison of the infrastructure costs of five intra-data centre network architectures, namely, leaf-spine, fat-tree, hybrid fat-tree, Facebook 4-Post and a new Facebook fabric. A bottom-up cost calculation approach ...
Performance evaluation of a hybrid IP/SDN network in data centre network architectures
The current Internet is facing many challenges to accommodate the growing demands of cloud computing. Software‐defined networking (SDN) is an emerging paradigm, proposed to be used in this context in order to investigate these issues. SDN virtualises ...
Dual-centric Data Center Network Architectures
ICPP '15: Proceedings of the 2015 44th International Conference on Parallel Processing (ICPP)Existing Data Center Network (DCN) architectures are classified into two categories: switch-centric and server-centric architectures. In switch-centric DCNs, routing intelligence is placed on switches, each server usually uses only one port of the ...
Comments