ABSTRACT
Locating mobile users and devices efficiently is a critical operation in cellular networks. This is done using a combination of location update(by the mobile) and paging (by the network). The paging scheme determines how and where to search for a mobile user given the latestlocation update information from that user. In this paper, we considerhow to increase the efficiency of the paging scheme.
Much previous work has relied on simulation or modeling to design and evaluate the performance of proposed paging schemes. We take a different, data-driven approach in how we design and evaluate our solution. Specifically, we mine more than 300 million call records from a large cellular operator to characterize user mobility and create mobility profiles. We then develop a family ofprofile-based paging techniques, considering both static schemes and dynamic schemes which adapt as user profiles continuously get updated. We find that our paging techniques can dramatically reducesignaling load (up to 80%) with minimal increase in paging delay (usually less than 10%).
- I. F. Akyildiz, J. S. M. Ho, and Y.-B. Lin, "Movement-based location update and selective paging for pcs networks," IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 629--638, 1996. Google ScholarDigital Library
- W. Enck, P. Traynor, P. McDaniel, and T. LaPorta, "Exploiting Open Functionality in SMS-Capable Cellular Networks," in Proc. 12th ACM Conf. on Computer and Communications Security, Alexandria, VA, Nov. 2005. Google ScholarDigital Library
- J. Serror, H. Zang, and J. Bolot, "Impact of Paging Channel Overloads or Attacks on Cellular Networks," in Proc. ACM Workshop Wireless Security WiSe'06, Los Angeles, CA, Sept. 2006. Google ScholarDigital Library
- P. Traynor, W. Enck, P. McDaniel, and T. L. Porta, "Mitigating attacks on open functionality in sms-capable cellular networks," in Proc. ACM MobiCom '06, 2006, pp. 182--193. Google ScholarDigital Library
- E. Halepovic and C. Williamson, "Characterizing and modeling user mobility in a cellular data network," in Proc. ACM Intl. Workshop on Modeling Analysis and Simulation of Wireless and Mobile Systems PE-WASUN'05, 2005, pp. 71--78. Google ScholarDigital Library
- A. Bar-Noy, I. Kessler, and M. Sidi, "Mobile users: to update or not to update?" Wireless Networks, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 175--185, 1995. Google ScholarDigital Library
- I. F. Akyildiz and J. S. M. Ho, "Dynamic mobile user location update for wireless PCS networks," Wireless Networks, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 187--196, 1995. Google ScholarDigital Library
- C. Rose, "Minimizing the average cost of paging and registration: a timer-based method," Wireless Networks, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 109--116, 1996. Google ScholarDigital Library
- J. S. M. Ho and I. F. Akyildiz, "Mobile user location update and paging under delay constraints," Wireless Networks, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 413--425, 1995. Google ScholarDigital Library
- M. Verkama, "A simple implementation of distance-based location updates," in IEEE 6th Intl Conf. Universal Personal Communications Record, San Diego, CA, USA, 1997, pp. 163--167.Google Scholar
- S. K. Sen, A. Bhattacharya, and S. K. Das, "A selective location update strategy for PCS users," Wireless Networks, vol. 5, no. 5, pp. 313--326, 1999. Google ScholarDigital Library
- H. Wu, M.-H. Jin, and J.-T. Horn, "Personal paging area design based on mobile's moving behaviors," in Proc. IEEE Infocom '01, Anchorage, AK, Apr. 2001, pp. 21--30.Google Scholar
- Y. Xiao and K. Wu, "Location update for PCS networks with a fractional movement threshold," in Proc. Intl. Conf. Dist. Computing Systems '03, Washington, DC, 2003, p. 825. Google ScholarDigital Library
- P. Mutaf and C. Castelluccia, "Hash-based paging and location update using bloom filters,"Mobile Networks and Applications, vol. 9, pp. 627--631, 2004. Google ScholarDigital Library
- C. K. Ng and H. W. Chan, "Enhanced distance-based location management of mobile communication systems using a cell coordinates approach," IEEE Trans. Mobile Computing, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 41--55, 2005. Google ScholarDigital Library
- A. Bar-Noy, Y. Feng, and M. Golin, "Paging mobile users efficiently and optimally," Proc. IEEE Infocom 2007, Anchorage, AK, Apr. 2007.Google ScholarDigital Library
- "Cellular Radiotelecommunications Intersystem Operations," EIA/TIA IS.41.Google Scholar
- G. Wan and E. Lin, "A dynamic paging scheme for wireless communication systems," in Proc. MobiCom '97, 1997, pp. 195--203. Google ScholarDigital Library
- B. Liang and Z. J. Haas, "Predictive distance-based mobility management for PCS networks," in Proc. IEEE Infocom'99, New York, NY, pp. 1377--84.Google Scholar
- H.-W. Hwang, M.-F. Chang, and C.-C. Tseng, "A direction-based location update scheme with a line-paging strategy for PCS networks," in IEEE Communications Letters, 2000, pp. 149--151.Google ScholarCross Ref
- C. Rose, "State-based paging/registration: a greedy technique," IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, no. 1, pp. 166--173, 1999.Google ScholarCross Ref
- G. P. Pollini and C.-L. I, "A profile-based location strategy and its performance," IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 15, no. 8, pp. 1415--1424, 1997. Google ScholarDigital Library
- P. G. Escalle, V. C. Giner, and J. M. Olta, "Reducing location update and paging costs in a pcs network," IEEE Transactions Wireless Communications, vol. 1, no. 1, Jan. 2002. Google ScholarDigital Library
- J. Zhang and L. Gruenwald, "Spatial and temporal aware, trajectory mobility profile based location management for mobile computing," LNCS - Proc. Intl. Database and Expert Systems Applications (DEXA) Workshop., pp. 716--720, Sept. 2002. Google ScholarDigital Library
- R. Jain, Y.-B. Lin, C. Lo, and S. Mohan, "A caching strategy to reduce network impacts of pcs," IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 12, no. 8, Oct. 1994.Google ScholarDigital Library
- R.-H. Gau and Z. J. Haas, "Concurrent search of mobile users in cellular networks," IEEE/ACM Transactions in Networking, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 117--130, 2004. Google ScholarDigital Library
- F. Baccelli and S. Zuyev, "Poisson-voronoi spanning trees with applications to the optimization of communication networks," Operations Research, vol. 47, no. 4, 1999. Google ScholarDigital Library
- G. Y. Lee and Y. Lee, "Numerical analysis of optimum timer value for time-based location registration," IEEE Communications Letters, vol. 6, no. 10, pp. 431--433, 2002.Google ScholarCross Ref
- M. Kim, D. Kotz, and S. Kim, "Extracting a mobility model from real user traces," Proc. IEEE Infocom'06, April 2006.Google Scholar
- M. Kim and D. Kotz, "Periodic properties of user mobility and access-point popularity," Journal of Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, vol. 11, no. 6, August 2007. Google ScholarDigital Library
- F. Bai, N. Sadagopan, B. Krishnamachari, and A. Helmy, "Modeling path duration distributions in Manets and their impact on routing performance," in IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 22, no. 7, Sept. 2004. Google ScholarDigital Library
- A. Chaintreau and et al., "Impact of human mobility on the design of opportunistic forwarding algorithms," in Proc. IEEE Infocom'06, Barcelona, Apr. 2006.Google Scholar
- A. Jardosh, E. Belding-Royer, K. Almeroth, and S. Suri, "Towards realistic mobility models for mobile ad hoc networks," in Proc. ACM Mobicom'03, San Diego, CA, Sept. 2003. Google ScholarDigital Library
- C. Williamson, E. Halepovic, H. Sun, and Y. Wu, "Characterization of CDMA2000 cellular data network traffic," in Proc IEEE Conf. Local Computer Networks, Washington, DC, USA, 2005, pp. 712--719. Google ScholarDigital Library
- "Mobile radio interface layer 3 specifications," 3GPP GSM 04.08, Version 7.8.0, Oct. 2000.Google Scholar
- "Upper layer (layer 3) signaling standard for CDMA2000 spread spectrum systems, release D," 3GPP2 C.S0005-D, Version 1.0, Feb. 2004.Google Scholar
Index Terms
- Mining call and mobility data to improve paging efficiency in cellular networks
Recommendations
Mobility management across hybrid wireless networks: Trends and challenges
Future generation wireless networks are envisioned to be a combination of diverse but complementary access technologies. Internetworking these types of networks will provide mobile users with ubiquitous connectivity across a wide range of networking ...
IP paging service for mobile hosts
In wireless networks, mobile hosts must update the network with their current location in order to get packets delivered. Paging facilitates efficient power management at the mobile host by allowing the host to update the network less frequently at the ...
Measurement and modeling of paging channel overloads on a cellular network
IP and cellular networks used to be isolated from each other. In recent decade however, the two networks have started to overlap with the emergence of devices that access the Internet using cellular infrastructures. One important question then is ...
Comments