skip to main content
10.1145/2815675.2815713acmconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagesimcConference Proceedingsconference-collections
short-paper

Revisiting Network Energy Efficiency of Mobile Apps: Performance in the Wild

Published:28 October 2015Publication History

ABSTRACT

Energy consumption due to network traffic on mobile devices continues to be a significant concern. We examine a range of excessive energy consumption problems caused by background network traffic through a two-year user study, and also validate these findings through in-lab testing of the most recent versions of major mobile apps. We discover a new energy consumption problem where foreground network traffic persists after switching from the foreground to the background, leading to unnecessary energy and data drain. Furthermore, while we find some apps have taken steps to improve the energy impact of periodic background traffic, energy consumption differences of up to an order of magnitude exist between apps with near-identical functionality. Finally, by examining how apps are used in the wild, we find that some apps continue to generate unneeded traffic for days when the app is not being used, and in some cases this wasted traffic is responsible for a majority of the app's network energy overhead. We propose that these persistent, widespread and varied sources of excessive energy consumption in popular apps should be addressed through new app management tools that tailor network activity to user interaction patterns.

References

  1. App Programming Guide for iOS -- Background Execution. https://developer.apple.com/library/prerelease/ios/documentation/iPhone/Conceptual/iPhoneOSProgrammingGuide/BackgroundExecution/BackgroundExecution.html.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  2. Apple's app store has passed 100 billion app downloads. http://www.theverge.com/2015/6/8/8739611/apple-wwdc-2015-stats-update.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  3. Background agents for Windows Phone 8. https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/apps/Hh202942(v=VS.105).aspx.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  4. Conserve windows phone battery life by managing background apps. http://www.windowscentral.com/conserve-windows-phone-battery-life- managing-background-apps.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  5. Developer preview - power-saving optimizations. https://developer.android.com/preview/features/power-mgmt.html.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  6. ActivityManager.RunningAppProcessInfo documentation. https://developer.android.com/reference/android/app/ActivityManager.RunningAppProcessInfo.html.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  7. P. K. Athivarapu, R. Bhagwan, S. Guha, V. Navda, R. Ramjee, D. Arora, V. N. Padmanabhan, and G. Varghese. RadioJockey: Mining Program Execution to Optimize Cellular Radio Usage. In Proc. ACM MobiCom, 2012. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  8. A. Aucinas, N. Vallina-Rodriguez, Y. Grunenberger, V. Erramilli, K. Papagiannaki, J. Crowcroft, and D. Wetherall. Staying Online while Mobile: The Hidden Costs. In CoNEXT, 2013. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  9. N. Balasubramanian, A. Balasubramanian, and A. Venkataramani. Energy Consumption in Mobile Phones: A Measurement Study and Implications for Network Applications. In Proc. ACM IMC, 2009. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  10. X. Chen, N. Ding, A. Jindal, Y. C. Hu, M. Gupta, and R. Vannithamby. Smartphone energy drain in the wild: Analysis and implications. In Proc. Sigmetrics, 2015. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  11. E. Cuervo, A. Balasubramanian, D. ki Cho, A. Wolman, S. Saroiu, R. Chandra, and P. Bahl. MAUI: Making Smartphones Last Longer with Code Offload. In Proc. ACM MobiSys, 2010. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  12. H. Falaki, D. Lymberopoulos, R. Mahajan, S. Kandula, and D. Estrin. A First Look at Traffic on Smartphones. In Proc. ACM IMC, 2010. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  13. H. Falaki, R. Mahajan, S. Kandula, D. Lymberopoulos, R. Govindan, and D. Estrin. Diversity in Smartphone Usage. In Proc. ACM MobiSys, 2010. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  14. A. Gember, A. Akella, J. Pang, A. Varshavsky, and R. Caceres. Obtaining In-Context Measurements of Cellular Network Performance. In Proc. ACM IMC, 2012. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  15. R. Holly. Checking out Doze and App standby on the Android M Developer Preview. http://www.androidcentral.com/checking-out-doze-android-m-developer-preview.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  16. J. Huang, F. Qian, A. Gerber, Z. M. Mao, S. Sen, and O. Spatscheck. A Close Examination of Performance and Power Characteristics of 4G LTE Networks. In Proc. ACM MobiSys, 2012. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  17. J. Huang, F. Qian, Y. Guo, Y. Zhou, Q. Xu, Z. M. Mao, S. Sen, and O. Spatscheck. An In-Depth Study of LTE: Effect of Network Protocol and Application Behavior on Performance. In ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, volume 43, 2013. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  18. J. Huang, F. Qian, Z. M. Mao, S. Sen, and O. Spatscheck. Screen-off Traffic Characterization and Optimization in 3G/4G Networks. In Proc. ACM IMC, 2012. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  19. J. Huang, Q. Xu, B. Tiwana, Z. M. Mao, M. Zhang, and P. Bahl. Anatomizing Application Performance Differences on Smartphones. In Proc. ACM MobiSys, 2010. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  20. M. Martins, J. Cappos, and R. Fonseca. Selectively Taming Background Android Apps to Improve Battery Lifetime. In Proc. Usenix ATC, 2015. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  21. F. Qian, Z. Wang, Y. Gao, J. Huang, A. Gerber, Z. Mao, S. Sen, and O. Spatscheck. Periodic Transfers in Mobile Applications: Network-wide Origin, Impact, and Optimization. In Proceedings of the 21st international conference on World Wide Web, pages 51--60, 2012. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  22. F. Qian, Z. Wang, A. Gerber, Z. M. Mao, S. Sen, and O. Spatscheck. Profiling Resource Usage for Mobile Applications: a Cross-layer Approach. In Proc. ACM MobiSys, 2011. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  23. A. A. Sani, Z. Tan, P. Washington, M. Chen, S. Agarwal, L. Zhong, and M. Zhang. The Wireless Data Drain of Users, Apps, & Platforms. ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review, 17(4), 2013. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  24. I. Singh, S. V. Krishnamurthy, H. V. Madhyastha, and I. Neamtiu. ZapDroid: Managing Infrequently Used Applications on Smartphones. In Proc. UbiComp, 2015. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  25. J. Sommers and P. Barford. Cell vs. WiFi: On the Performance of Metro Area Mobile Connections. In Proc. ACM IMC, 2012. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  26. N. Thiagarajan, G. Aggarwal, A. Nicoara, D. Boneh, and J. P. Singh. Who Killed my Battery?: Analyzing Mobile Browser Energy Consumption. In Proceedings of the 21st international conference on World Wide Web, 2012. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  27. Q. Xu, J. Erman, A. Gerber, Z. Mao, J. Pang, and S. Venkataraman. Identifying Diverse Usage Behaviors of Smartphone Apps. In Proc. ACM IMC, 2011. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library

Index Terms

  1. Revisiting Network Energy Efficiency of Mobile Apps: Performance in the Wild

            Recommendations

            Comments

            Login options

            Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

            Sign in
            • Published in

              cover image ACM Conferences
              IMC '15: Proceedings of the 2015 Internet Measurement Conference
              October 2015
              550 pages
              ISBN:9781450338486
              DOI:10.1145/2815675

              Copyright © 2015 ACM

              Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

              Publisher

              Association for Computing Machinery

              New York, NY, United States

              Publication History

              • Published: 28 October 2015

              Permissions

              Request permissions about this article.

              Request Permissions

              Check for updates

              Qualifiers

              • short-paper

              Acceptance Rates

              IMC '15 Paper Acceptance Rate31of96submissions,32%Overall Acceptance Rate277of1,083submissions,26%

              Upcoming Conference

              IMC '24
              ACM Internet Measurement Conference
              November 4 - 6, 2024
              Madrid , AA , Spain

            PDF Format

            View or Download as a PDF file.

            PDF

            eReader

            View online with eReader.

            eReader