Luis Felipe M. Ramos
João Marco C. Silva
ABSTRACT
In this work we investigate which aspects of data protection regulation must be carefully observed when implementing Blockchain-based projects in smart cities. This technology provides interesting properties and allows governments to develop flexible and innovative data management systems. Nevertheless, realizing the benefits of using Blockchains requires understanding the government processes along with the legal framework and political setting imposed on government. Though it is a buzzword, Blockchain may not always be the best solution for data processing, and carrying out a Data Protection Impact Assessment could allow an analysis of the necessity and proportionality of the mechanism. Furthermore, principles relating to security of data remain applicable to Blockchains. We discuss points of interaction between Blockchain technology and the European Union data protection framework, and provide recommendations on how to better develop Blockchain-based projects in smart cities. The findings of the study should provide public sector actors with a guideline to assess the real necessity and better format of a Blockchain-based application.
- CNIL. 2018. Solutions for a responsible use of the Blockchain in the context of personal data. Technical Report. Commission Nationale Informatique & Libertés. https://www.cnil.fr/sites/default/files/atoms/files/blockchain.pdfGoogle Scholar
- European Central Bank and Bank of Japan. 2018. Securities settlement systems: delivery-versus-payment in a distributed ledger environment - Stella project report phase 2. Technical Report March. https://www.ecb.europa.eu/pub/pdf/other/stella_project_report_march_2018.pdfGoogle Scholar
- Oded Goldreich. 2001. Foundations of Cryptography. Vol. I. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Christiaan Lemmen, Jacques Vos, and Bert Beentjes. 2017. Ongoing Development of Land Administration Standards: Blockchain in Transaction Management. European Property Law Journal 6, 3 (2017), 478--502.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Filipa Matias Magalhães and Maria Leitão Pereira. 2018. Regulamento Geral de Proteção de Dados. Manual Prático. VidaEconómica, Porto, PT.Google Scholar
- Roger Maull, Phil Godsiff, Catherine Mulligan, Alan Brown, and Beth Kewell. 2017. Distributed ledger technology: Applications and implications. Strategic Change 26, 5 (2017), 481--489.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Teogenes Moura and Alexandre Gomes. 2017. Blockchain Voting and its effects on Election Transparency and Voter Confidence. In Proceedings of the 18th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research (dg.o '17). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 574--575. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Satoshi Nakamoto. 2008. Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System. https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdfGoogle Scholar
- Arvind Narayanan and Jeremy Clark. 2017. Bitcoin's Academic Pedigree. Commun. ACM 60, 12 (2017), 36--45. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Jason Potts, Ellie Rennie, and Jake Goldenfein. 2017. Blockchains and the crypto city. it - Information Technology 59, 6 (2017), 285--293.Google Scholar
- Rogelio Rivera, José G. Robledo, Víctor M. Larios, and Juan Manuel Avalos. 2017. How Digital Identity on Blockchain can contribute in a smart city environment. In 2017 International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2). 1--4.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Paolo Tasca and Claudio J. Tessone. 2017. Taxonomy of Blockchain Technologies. Principles of Identification and Classification. https://ssrn.com/abstract=2977811Google Scholar
- Mark Walport. 2015. Distributed ledger technology: Beyond block chain. Technical Report. UK Government Office for Science, London. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/492972/gs-16-1-distributed-ledger-technology.pdfGoogle Scholar
- Karl Wüst and Arthur Gervais. 2018. Do you need a Blockchain?. In 2018 CryptoValley Conference on Blockchain Technology (CVCBT). 45--54.Google ScholarCross Ref
Index Terms
- Privacy and Data Protection Concerns Regarding the Use of Blockchains in Smart Cities
Recommendations
Self-sovereign identity on public blockchains and the GDPR
SAC '20: Proceedings of the 35th Annual ACM Symposium on Applied ComputingThis paper studies three existing technical solutions for a self-sovereign identity on blockchains and analyzes the arising issues related to the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) of the European Union (EU). In particular, the paper provides an ...
Smart Cities, data and right to privacy: a look from the Portuguese and Brazilian experience
ICEGOV '18: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic GovernanceWith the advent of the New Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and the accelerated development of the urban centres, a new debate arises on how to use ICTs to enhance the development of cities and to make them smarter, in the way that ...
Can blockchains and data privacy laws be reconciled?: a fundamental study of how privacy-aware blockchains are feasible
SAC '22: Proceedings of the 37th ACM/SIGAPP Symposium on Applied ComputingDue to the advancing digitalization, the importance of data is constantly increasing. Application domains such as smart cars, smart cities, or smart healthcare rely on the permanent availability of large amounts of data to all parties involved. As a ...
Comments