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Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy

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08.06.2020 | Original Paper

Assessment of wastewater reuse potential for irrigation in rural semi-arid areas: the case study of Punitaqui, Chile

verfasst von: Serrao Livia, Molinos-Senante María, Bezzi Marco, Ragazzi Marco

Erschienen in: Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy | Ausgabe 6/2020

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Abstract

Wastewater reuse in agriculture has been identified as an adaptive solution to climate change. This practice copes with two of the most limiting factors that are affecting sustainable development in rural areas: the lack of sanitation services and water shortages. This paper proposes a multi-criteria methodological approach to evaluate wastewater reuse potential for irrigation in rural areas and to select the most sustainable and context-aware wastewater treatment technology. In order to validate the procedure, an empirical application for the Coquimbo region (Chile) was developed. The water balance conducted illustrated that the potential wastewater source can only partially substitute for the water canonical sources. According to local citizen preferences, among the three evaluated, the most sustainable wastewater treatment technology option consists of septic tank and constructed wetland. This study provides evidence for the relevance of integrating social and environmental criteria, in addition to technical and economic ones, for supporting decision-making processes related to wastewater reuse.

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This list of indicators can be modified according to local and regional conditions where the project is developed.

Additionally, the NH₃ is also a key element to assess. In this case study, the amount of NH₃ was evaluated as a percentage of N, as reported in the literature (Andreottola 2003).

An alternative set of technologies can be considered depending on the localization of each empirical application.

The factors that could affect the growth of crops do not only belong to the N components, also phosphorus and its derivatives, metals (K, Mg, Ca, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe) and dissolved salts, which are recognized as dangerous elements, according to their concentration, for crops. Unfortunately, the wastewater analyses do not measure these variables; thus, it was not possible to take them into account.

A scenario analysis was conducted assuming different weights for each dimension: Scenario (A) the three criteria are equals; Scenario (B) one by one, one of the criteria prevails over the other two (50%, 25% and 25%); and Scenario (C) the gap is even greater among criteria (80%, 10% and 10%).

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Titel: Assessment of wastewater reuse potential for irrigation in rural semi-arid areas: the case study of Punitaqui, Chile
verfasst von: Serrao Livia
Molinos-Senante María
Bezzi Marco
Ragazzi Marco
Publikationsdatum: 08.06.2020
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in: Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy / Ausgabe 6/2020
Print ISSN: 1618-954X
Elektronische ISSN: 1618-9558
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-020-01874-3

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