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2015 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

8. Gender and Computing

verfasst von : Lisa M. Frehill, J. McGrath Cohoon

Erschienen in: Advancing Women in Science

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

Worldwide, information technology (IT) has exhibited phenomenal growth over the past several decades. This growth underlies the creative and analytical processes for the full range of endeavors ranging from science to business and social interaction, and it powers the burgeoning IT economy. Other benefits include vast career opportunities (OECD 2012), and the implications associated with unparalleled access to information. Finally, a benefit noted in many nations is that women’s access to IT and participation in computing can be an important mechanism of economic growth and societal development. Nevertheless, women and men are seldom equal participants in this boom.

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Vorheriges Kapitel Women in Statistics: Scientific Contributions Versus Rewards

Nächstes Kapitel Promising Programs: A Cross-National Exploration of Women in Science, Education to Workforce

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We use “computer science” recognizing that in many cases this term includes “information sciences,” “informatics,” and similar closely aligned disciplines. We mean it in the broad and inclusive sense for purposes of this chapter. We use gender to refer to the social construction of meanings associated with femininity and masculinity, which includes expectations, norms, attitudes, behaviors, and beliefs that are patterned by sex.

Our use of ICT and IT are fundamentally interchangeable. Generally, though, when we are referencing the United States, we use “IT” and then “ICT” for the rest of the world, as is the custom in international publications.

We have not normalized the number of degrees (total) by population for each nation, as was suggested by one reviewer. We do not seek to explain differences in the number of degrees across countries but, instead, to provide these as a framework for viewing the relative levels of women’s participation in computing. We have added Fig. 8.3 as an alternative way to contextualize the place of computing within all fields at the bachelor’s degree level for each nation.

Due to the inclusion of computing with engineering for education data from China, we were unable to determine the relative number of computing degrees awarded in China at either the bachelor’s or doctoral level. We acknowledge that this number may be large, growing, and that, as with engineering, degree quality could greatly vary across the institutions awarding such degrees. In 2011, according to the China Statistical Yearbook 2012, there were 15,804 engineering and 7,019 science doctoral degrees awarded in China.

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Titel: Gender and Computing
verfasst von: Lisa M. Frehill
J. McGrath Cohoon
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Buch: Advancing Women in Science
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-08628-6

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-08629-3

Copyright-Jahr: 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08629-3_8

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