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2015 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

3. Gender, Science, and Occupational Sex Segregation

verfasst von : Lisa M. Frehill, Alice Abreu, Kathrin Zippel

Erschienen in: Advancing Women in Science

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

Over the past 20 years, policy makers have been increasingly connecting science and technology to innovation and economic growth. Many nations have made increased public investments in science and technology, as reflected in GDP (National Science Foundation 2012). Simultaneously, the role of diversity within the innovation process, in general, and the potential contributions of women, in particular, to national science and technology enterprises, has received much attention in many nations and international organizations (see, for example, efforts by UNESCO, APEC, the European Union and OECD).

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Fußnoten
1
The U.S. Survey of Doctorate Recipients (SDR) population is drawn from the Doctoral Records File, which includes information about all recipients of doctoral degrees conferred by the US colleges and universities. This means that estimates based on the SDR exclude consideration of individuals who earned doctoral degrees at the non-US institutions.
 
2
See also Frehill (2006 pp. 346–347): “In recent years, the D-score has been critiqued as a measure of occupational segregation. Charles and Grusky (1995) developed a new measure, A, which is based on logistic regression modeling of occupational distributions. A has been proposed as a superior measure because it is truly marginal independent, unlike D or another version of D known as the standardized (D Charles and Grusky 1995; Grusky and Charles 1998). That is, A provides a measure that better accounts for the relative sizes of the male and female labor forces (e.g., women’s participation in academic science and engineering is quite a bit lower than that of men’s) as well as the relative sizes of the different occupational groupings (e.g., there are fewer industrial engineers employed in academia than there are mathematicians).”
 
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Metadaten
Titel
Gender, Science, and Occupational Sex Segregation
verfasst von
Lisa M. Frehill
Alice Abreu
Kathrin Zippel
Copyright-Jahr
2015
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08629-3_3

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