1. Introduction to Modern River Science for Watershed Management: GIS and Hydrogeological Application

Rivers are agents of vital flow toward sloping and geomorphic controlling systems, and there are large numbers of discharging water and sediment loads, especially in river geomorphic systems, which provide sustainable water resources for human and natural life in the modern world. The understanding of river tendencies and their perennial and non-perennial flow patterns indicates multi-dimensional conditions are segments of nature. Our research focuses on river watershed management and the essentials of river science, a wide range of river morphometrics and their dynamics, flood risk assessment, sediment load discharge, and flux measurements. One of our tasks in fulfilling the essentials of river watershed studies is to probe the human dimension of river systems in terms of river hydrological and surface processes. In addition to assessing how river systems change through natural and anthropogenic activity, climate change affects the linkages between them. The sources of anthropogenic pollution from excessive use of industrial effluents are included in this book. In order to attain an in-depth understanding of river science, we aimed to provide the research community with novel developments in watershed management through applications of geographical information systems, remote sensing, and artificial intelligence approaches in an accurate and understandable manner. The field of water resource management has benefited from advances in scientific knowledge, GIS technology for watershed development, and the application of hydrogeological perspectives. The most recent methods in GIS as they apply to groundwater potential are compiled by using geospatial techniques for watershed management. As a result, this book will assist readers in discovering, in a single volume, the most recent developments in geospatial techniques and their hydrogeological applications.