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1991 | Buch

Solar Power Plants

Fundamentals, Technology, Systems, Economics

herausgegeben von: Prof. Dr.-Ing. C.-J. Winter, Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Rudolf L. Sizmann, Dr. Lorin L. Vant-Hull

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

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SUCHEN

Über dieses Buch

In the introductory and concluding chapters this book strive to satisfy the needs of the interested lay reader by addressing the potential, advantages, and costs of solar power plants. For the interested student, scientist, or technically oriented lay person the physical principles of insolation, its variability, concentration, and most efficient use are developed in some detail. Finally, experimental and theoretical developments in the recently created field of solar driven chemistry (via thermal, quantum, or electrical excitation) are described. The contributions in this book are written by leading solar scientists and engineering experts whose extensive background and experience in solar energy lend authenticity and completeness to the book. Design aspects of, and results from large experimental and demonstration plants are described by individuals who were directly involved in the design and testing of many of these plants. Consideration of the viability and future economics of large-scale solar power generation provides an outlook on the energy contributions which can be expected from an optional future supply of abundant and renewable energy, having little impact on the environment. This provides the rationale for the continued commitment to the development of solar power technologies by researchers, engineers, and industry. The eventual depletion of, or future political attacks on our energy supply will have less serious impact once this renewable option is in place.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter
1. The Energy Heptagon
Abstract
Never in the history of mankind has a single source of energy provided all the energy services needed for the support of human life and development. The ever-increasing energy demands of a growing world population have required the use of all available energy sources. Newly emerging types of energy never fully replaced the previously existing ones, although they did alter their relative share and their individual importance.
C.-J. Winter
2. Solar Radiation Conversion
Abstract
Solar radiation incident upon the Earth is the primary energy source by which the life of mankind has developed. In this chapter basic concepts of the conversion of solax radiation for its use in the present day’s energy economy are considered: to heat, to electric energy, to chemical energy carriers. The emphasis will be on the upper limits of conversion yields, derived from laws of thermodynamics. Such upper limits expose the boundaries of how much can at most be achieved from incident solar radiation. They are a guidance to appreciation of what has already been realized in practice and what still is the potential for further development.
R. Sizmann, P. Köpke, R. Busen
3. Concentrator Optics
Abstract
In this chapter we will discuss the optical principles involved, and their application, in the design of solar power systems.
L. L. Vant-Hull
4. Aspects of Solar Power Plant Engineering
Abstract
Having presented physical and optical properties of the solax resource in Chaps. 2 and 3, principles, concepts and terminology relevant for solar power plant (SPP) systems will now be addressed.
W. Grasse, H. P. Hertlein, C.-J. Winter
5. Thermal Receivers
Abstract
The optical system collects and concentrates direct (beam) solar radiation and delivers it to the receiver. The receiver must be designed to intercept the energy effectively, absorb it efficiently, and convert it to thermal energy at the temperature required by the conversion process. The design must account for thermal losses and should be such as to mitigate them to the extent possible.
M. Becker, L. L. Vant-Hull
6. Thermal Storage for Solar Power Plants
Abstract
Like any other power plant, solar power plant (SPP) output must satisfy the demands of the utility market. During peak demand periods, kilomwatt-hour prices are high and financial incentives are high for guaranteed supply. Solar plant input is limited by diurnal, seasonal and weather-related insolation changes. In order to cope with these fluctuations, the solar plant input may be packed up by fossil fuels, or the solar changes may be mitigated by a buffering storage system.
M. A. Geyer
7. Thermal Solar Power Plants Experience
Abstract
In parallel with rising interest in solar power generation, several solar thermal facilities of different configuration and size were built, operated, and evaluated in the last decade and a half. Some of these facilities were of exploratory, first-of-a-kind or demonstration nature, in some cases designed merely as engineering experiments for the purpose of gaining performance and operating data at the subsystem and overall plant level. Most facilities were designed as modest-size experimental or prototype solar power plants (SPP) for producing electricity, in a few cases also for cogenerating thermal energy. Of all solar thermal technologies investigated, SPPs using parabolic trough concentrators were the first to reach sufficient maturity to be constructed on a commercial basis in a favorable regulatory environment. Table 7.1 provides an overview of the facilities built, their aggregate nominal capacity (MWe), and their total collective/reflective area.
W. Grasse, H. P. Hertlein, C.-J. Winter, G. W. Braun
8. Photovoltaic Power Stations
Abstract
Photovoltaic (PV) power generation is gaining increasing importance as a renewable energy supply. From small-scale space applications in the 1960s, production of photovoltaic modules has increased to about 45 MW peak power per year worldwide. This development was accompanied by a cost reduction for solar modules to as low as 4-5 US $/Wp in 19892.
W. H. Bloss, H. P. Hertlein, W. Knaupp, S. Nann, F. Pfisterer
9. Solar Fuels and Chemicals, Solar Hydrogen
Abstract
The term solar power plant commonly refers to electricity production by photothermal or photovoltaic conversion. Within this book, these main conversion techniques are called the solar thermoelectric path and the solar photoelectric path. In addition, a third possibility exists, which, following the above used nomenclature, is called the solar fuels path [46]. This path represents the conversion of solar energy into chemical energy, and is important due to its potential to overcome the problems of long term storage and transport of solar energy, as well as for the intrinsic value of the chemicals themselves. With respect to the present discussion, endergonic reactions (with a positive change of the Gibbs free energy of reaction AG) are especially suited so that useful energy (exergy) of the solar radiation can be stored in the reaction products.
M. Fischer, R. Tamme
10. Cost Analysis of Solar Power Plants
Abstract
The factors influencing the desirability of solar power plants (SPPs), and of SPP investment decisions, will be discussed in this chapter. The numerical details presented axe based, as far as possible, on actual experience with SPPs but are also derived from study results whenever experimental system-level information has not yet become available. Some data may therefore become refined, even modified, in the future as a result of advances in and accumulating experience with SPP technologies. Value and benefit of SPPs are usually viewed differently by engineers, users, investors, or society at large; correspondingly, technical, economic, market, financial and environmental considerations may also lead to different conclusions.
H. P. Hertlein, H. Klaiss, J. Nitsch
Backmatter
Metadaten
Titel
Solar Power Plants
herausgegeben von
Prof. Dr.-Ing. C.-J. Winter
Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Rudolf L. Sizmann
Dr. Lorin L. Vant-Hull
Copyright-Jahr
1991
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Electronic ISBN
978-3-642-61245-9
Print ISBN
978-3-642-64759-8
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61245-9