Skip to main content
Fachgebiete
Automobil + Motoren Bauwesen + Immobilien Business IT + Informatik Elektrotechnik + Elektronik Energie + Nachhaltigkeit Finance + Banking Management + Führung Marketing + Vertrieb Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe Versicherung + Risiko
DE
EN
Themenseiten
Organisationspsychologie Projektmanagement Marketing Smart Manufacturing
Bücher
Zeitschriften
Weitere Formate
Podcasts Webinare Technik Webinare Wirtschaft Kongresse Veranstaltungskalender Awards
Jetzt Einzelzugang starten
Zugang für Unternehmen
Referenzkunden
ATZ-Fachkongress

Chassis.tech plus 2024


4 Kongresse in einer Veranstaltung

Treffen Sie in München die Fachleute von Chassis, Lenkung, Bremsen sowie Reifen/Räder.
Erweiterte Suche
Anmelden
nach oben
KI - Künstliche Intelligenz
Erschienen in: KI - Künstliche Intelligenz 3-4/2021

04.05.2021 | Technical Contribution

Draw mir a Sheep: A Supersense-based Analysis of German Case and Adposition Semantics

verfasst von: Jakob Prange, Nathan Schneider

Erschienen in: KI - Künstliche Intelligenz | Ausgabe 3-4/2021

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Adpositions and case markers are ubiquitous in natural language and express a wide range of meaning relations that can be of crucial relevance for many NLP and AI tasks. However, capturing their semantics in a comprehensive yet concise, as well as cross-linguistically applicable way has remained a challenge over the years. To address this, we adapt the largely language-agnostic SNACS framework to German, defining language-specific criteria for identifying adpositional expressions and piloting a supersense-annotated German corpus. We compare our approach with prior work on both German and multilingual adposition semantics, and discuss our empirical findings in the context of potential applications.
Vorheriger Artikel Ideal Words
Nächster Artikel Embodied Human Computer Interaction

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

KI - Künstliche Intelligenz

The Scientific journal "KI – Künstliche Intelligenz" is the official journal of the division for artificial intelligence within the "Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V." (GI) – the German Informatics Society - with constributions from troughout the field of artificial intelligence.

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren
Weitere Produktempfehlungen anzeigen
Fußnoten
1
For example, the verb zeichnen ‘to draw’ may evoke the specific frame Create_Physical_Artwork with the frame elements Creator and Representation, which are typically instantiated by the syntactic subject and object, respectively.
 
2
These are mostly closed-class; a list is provided to annotators.
 
3
In a purely illustrative sense. We are agnostic with respect to the formal syntactic notion of movement or any other syntactic paradigms.
 
4
In order to efficiently gather supersense-annotated data on a larger scale, the target identification step may be automated. Schneider et al. [61] have demonstrated for English that this is possible, at least approximately, based on part-of-speech tags and syntactic dependencies. We expect their method to be applicable to German as well, but this still needs to be tested empirically.
 
5
The moderate agreement also suggests that the task in its current form is likely too difficult for crowd workers without either a background in linguistics or close supervision by a project manager. Alternative task formulations that facilitate crowdsourcing have been proposed by Gessler et al. [20].
 
6
These thought experiments are in their style and purpose inspired by Trott et al. [70].
 
7
Google Translate
 
8
The examples here are cherry-picked, and especially sentence 4 requires specific background knowledge, without which no automatic or human translator is expected to generate the intended output. However, by demonstrating that subtle differences in lexical meaning—even and especially that of adpositions—can have a dramatic impact on sentence meaning, we argue that translation systems that lack semantic awareness and nuance are inherently unreliable and prone to inconsistencies.
 
9
mal is a modal particle establishing that the scene ‘just happens to unfold this way’.
 
Literatur
1.
Arora A, Schneider N (2020) SNACS annotation of case markers and adpositions in Hindi. In: Presented at SIGTYP 2020: the Second Workshop on Computational Research in Linguistic Typology
2.
Baker CF, Fillmore CJ, Lowe JB (1998) The Berkeley Framenet project. In: 36th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 17thInternational Conference on computational linguistics, volume 1, pp 86–90
3.
Banarescu L, Bonial C, Cai S, Georgescu M, Griffitt K, Hermjakob U, Knight K, Koehn P, Palmer M, Schneider N (2013) Abstract Meaning Representationfor sembanking. In: Proceedings of the 7th Linguistic Annotation Workshop and Interoperability with Discourse, Association for Computational Linguistics,Sofia, Bulgaria, pp 178–186, https://​www.​aclweb.​org/​anthology/​W13-2322 Accessed 01 Nov 2020
4.
Bhattasali S, Fabre M, Luh W, Saied HA, Constant M, Pallier C, Brennan JR, Spreng RN, Hale J (2018) Localising memory retrieval and syntactic composition: an fMRI study of naturalistic language comprehension. Lan Cognit Neurosci 10(1080/23273798):1518533
5.
Blodgett A, Schneider N (2018) Semantic supersenses for English possessives. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference on LanguageResources and Evaluation (LREC 2018), European Language Resources Association (ELRA), Miyazaki, Japan, https://​www.​aclweb.​org/​anthology/​L18-1242. Accessed 01 Nov 2020
6.
Bonial C, Donatelli L, Abrams M, Lukin S, Tratz S, Marge M, Artstein R, Traum D, Voss C (2020) Dialogue-AMR: abstract meaning representation for dialogue. In: Proceedings of The 12th Language Resources and Evaluation Conference, pp 684–695
7.
Brøndal V (1950) Théorie des prépositions: introduction à une sémantique rationnelle. Ejnar Munksgaard, Copenhagen
8.
9.
Callison-Burch C, Koehn P, Monz C, Post M, Soricut R, Specia L (2012) Findings of the 2012 Workshop on statistical machine translation. In: Proceedings of the Seventh Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation, Association for Computational Linguistics, Montréal, Canada, pp 10–51, https://​www.​aclweb.​org/​anthology/​W12-3102
10.
Campe P (1997) Genitives and ’von-datives’ in German: a case of free variation. In: Verspoor MH, Lee KD, Sweetser E (eds) Lexical and syntacticalconstructions and the construction of meaning. John Benjamins, Philadelphia, pp 165–185
11.
Cieschinger M (2016) The contraction of preposition and definite article in German—semantic and pragmatic constraints. PhD thesis, Universität Osnabrück
12.
Cohen J (1960) A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales. Educ Psychol Measur 20(1):37–46CrossRef
13.
Crössmann H (1973) Präposition oder Konjunktion? Linguist Stud 4:16–38
14.
De Knop S (2015) Visualization and conceptual metaphor as tools for the teaching of abstract motion in German. Rev Cognit Linguist 13(1):167–190CrossRef
15.
DeHaven MR (2016) Input processing and the teaching of German two-way prepositions. PhD thesis, University of Kansas
16.
Di Meola C (2004) The rise of the prepositional genitive in German-a grammaticalization phenomenon. Lingua 114(2):165–182CrossRef
17.
Durrell M, Brée D (1993) German temporal prepositions from an English perspective. In: Zelinsky-Wibbelt C (eds) The semantics of prepositions: frommental processing to natural language processing. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, 3:295–326
18.
19.
Fillmore C (1967) The case for case. In: Texas Symposium on language universals
20.
Gessler L, Wein S, Schneider N (2020) Supersense and sensibility: Proxy tasks for semantic annotation of prepositions. In: Proceedings of the 14th LinguisticAnnotation Workshop, Association for Computational Linguistics, Barcelona, Spain, pp 117–126. https://​www.​aclweb.​org/​anthology/​2020.​law-1.​11. Accessed 01 Feb 2021
21.
Gradel V (2016) The acquisition of the German case system by foreign language learners through computer animations based on cognitive linguistics. Yearb Ger Cognit Linguist Assoc 4(1):113–134CrossRef
22.
Gravot F, Haneda A, Okada K, Inaba M (2006) Cooking for humanoid robot, a task that needs symbolic and geometric reasonings. In: Proceedings 2006 IEEE International Conference on robotics and automation, 2006. ICRA 2006., IEEE, pp 462–467
23.
Hashemi HB, Hwa R (2014) A comparison of MT errors and ESL errors. In: LREC, pp 2696–2700
24.
Haspelmath M (2003) The geometry of grammatical meaning: semantic maps and cross-linguistic comparison. New Psychol Lang 2(1976):1–30
25.
Hofherr PC (2012) Preposition-determiner amalgams in German and French at the syntax-morphology interface. In: Ackema P, Alcorn R, Heycock C, Jaspers D, Van Craenenbroeck J, Vanden Wyngaerd G (eds) Comparative Germanic syntax: the state of the art. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, pp 99–132
26.
Huddleston R, Pullum GK (eds) (2002) The Cambridge grammar of the english language. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
27.
28.
Hwang JD, Choe H, Han NR, Schneider N (2020a) K-SNACS: annotating Korean adposition semantics. In: Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Designing Meaning Representations, Association for Computational Linguistics, Barcelona, Spain (Online), pp 53–66, https://​www.​aclweb.​org/​anthology/​2020.​dmr-1.​6. Accessed 01 Feb 2021
29.
Hwang JD, Schneider N, Srikumar V (2020b) Sprucing up supersenses: Untangling the semantic clusters of accompaniment and purpose. In: Proceedings ofthe 14th Linguistic Annotation Workshop, Association for Computational Linguistics, Barcelona, Spain (Online), pp 127–137, https://​www.​aclweb.​org/​anthology/​2020.​law-1.​12. Accessed 01 Feb 2021
30.
Jackendoff R (2002) Foundations of language: brain, meaning, grammar, evolution. Oxford University Press, New YorkCrossRef
31.
Jespersen O (1963) The philosophy of grammar (Reprinted). George Allen & Unwin, London
32.
33.
Kiss T, Müller A, Roch C, Stadtfeld T, Börner K, Duzy M (2016) Ein Handbuch für die Bestimmung und Annotation von Präpositionsbedeutungen im Deutschen. Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Sprachwissenschaftliches Institut, Bochum
34.
Knepper RA, Tellex S, Li A, Roy N, Rus D (2015) Recovering from failure by asking for help. Auton Robots 39(3):347–362CrossRef
35.
Köper M, Schulte im Walde S (2014) A rank-based distance measure to detect polysemy and to determine salient vector-space features for German prepositions. In: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on language resources and evaluation, Reykjavik, Iceland, pp 4459–4466
36.
Koppel M, Ordan N (2011) Translationese and its dialects. In: Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Portland, Oregon, USA, pp 1318–1326, https://​www.​aclweb.​org/​anthology/​P11-1132. Accessed 01 Nov 2020
37.
Kranzlein M, Manning E, Peng S, Wein S, Arora A, Schneider N (2020) PASTRIE: A corpus of prepositions annotated with supersense tags in Reddit international English. In: Proceedings of the 14th Linguistic Annotation Workshop, Association for Computational Linguistics, Barcelona, Spain, pp 105–116.https://​www.​aclweb.​org/​anthology/​2020.​law-1.​10. Accessed 01 Feb 2021
38.
Lakoff G, Johnson M (2008) Metaphors we live by. University of Chicago Press, Chicago
39.
Landis JR, Koch GG (1977) The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics 33(1):159–174CrossRef
40.
Langacker RW (1998) Conceptualization, symbolization, and grammar. In: Tomasello M (eds) The new psychology of language: Cognitive and functional approaches to language structure (classic edition, 2014). Psychology Press, New York 1:1–39
41.
Levin B (1993) English verb classes and alternations: a preliminary investigation. University of Chicago Press, Chicago
42.
43.
Ljunggren KG (1951) Towards a definition of the concept of preposition. Stud Linguist 5(1):7–20CrossRef
44.
Malchukov AL, Narrog H (2008) Case polysemy. In: Malchukov AL, Spencer A (eds) The Oxford handbook of case. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 518–534CrossRef
45.
46.
47.
Martins R (2012) Martins R (2012) Le Petit Prince in UNL. In: Calzolari N, Choukri K, Declerck T, Doğan MU, Maegaard B, Mariani J, Moreno A, Odijk J, Piperidis S (eds) Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation, European Language Resources Association, Istanbul, Turkey, pp. 3201–3204. http://​www.​lrec-conf.​org/​proceedings/​lrec2012/​pdf/​879_​Paper.​pdf. Accessed 01 Nov 2020
48.
Masloch S (2020) Über “über” und dessen Entsprechungen im Englischen. Master’s thesis, Ruhr-Universität Bochum
49.
Mueller CM (2011) English learners’ knowledge of prepositions: collocational knowledge or knowledge based on meaning? System 39(4):480–490CrossRef
50.
Mueller CM (2012) Comparison of an integrative inductive approach, presentation-and-practice approach, and two hybrid approaches to instruction of English prepositions. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA, https://​drum.​lib.​umd.​edu/​handle/​1903/​12990. Accessed 01 Nov 2020
51.
Müller A, Hülscher O, Roch C, Keßelmeier K, Stadtfeld T, Strunk J, Kiss T (2010) An annotation schema for preposition senses in German. In: Proceedings of the Fourth Linguistic Annotation Workshop, Association for Computational Linguistics, pp 177–181
52.
Müller W (2004) Das Wörterbuch der deutschen Präpositionen. Zeits Gert Linguist 32(3):406–438
53.
Peng S, Liu Y, Zhu Y, Blodgett A, Zhao Y, Schneider N (2020) A corpus of adpositional supersenses for Mandarin Chinese. In: Proceedings of The 12th Language Resources and Evaluation Conference, European Language Resources Association, Marseille, France, pp 5986–5994. https://​www.​aclweb.​org/​anthology/​2020.​lrec-1.​733. Accessed 01 Nov 2020
54.
Popović M (2017) Comparing language related issues for NMT and PBMT between German and English. Prague Bull Math Linguist 108(1):209–220CrossRef
55.
56.
Puig Waldmüller ES (2008) Contracted preposition-determiner forms in German: Semantics and pragmatics. PhD thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra
57.
Schmied J (1998) Differences and similarities of close cognates: English ‘with’ and German ‘mit’. Lang Comput 24:255–276
58.
59.
60.
Schneider N, Hwang JD, Bhatia A, Srikumar V, Han NR, O’Gorman T, Moeller SR, Abend O, Shalev A, Blodgett A, Prange J (2018) Adposition and casesupersenses v2: guidelines for English. arXiv preprint arXiv:​1704.​02134v3. Accessed 01 Nov 2020
61.
62.
Schneider N, Hwang JD, Bhatia A, Srikumar V, Han NR, O’Gorman T, Moeller SR, Abend O, Shalev A, Blodgett A, Prange J (2020) Adposition and case supersenses v2.5: guidelines for English. arXiv preprint arXiv:​1704.​02134v6. Accessed 01 Nov 2020
63.
Scott A (2013) The genitive case in Dutch and German: a study of morphosyntactic change in codified languages. Brill, Leiden
64.
65.
Smith MB (1995) Semantic motivation vs. arbitrariness in grammar: toward a more general account of the DAT/ACC contrast with German two-wayprepositions. In: Rauch I, Carr GF (eds) Insights in Germanic linguistics I: methodology in transition. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, 1:293–324
66.
Solstad T (2010) Post-nominal genitives and prepositional phrases in German: a uniform analysis. In: Alexiadou A, Rathert M (eds) The syntax ofnominalizations across languages and frameworks. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, 23:219–251
67.
Sridharan M, Meadows B (2019) Towards a theory of explanations for human-robot collaboration. KI-Künstliche Intell 33(4):331–342CrossRef
68.
Stolz T (2007) Harry Potter meets Le petit prince—on the usefulness of parallel corpora in crosslinguistic investigations. STUF Sprachtypol Univ 60(2):100–117
69.
Takahaski G (1969) Perception of space and the function of certain English prepositions. Lang Learn 19(3–4):217–234CrossRef
70.
71.
Tyler A, Evans V (2003) The semantics of English prepositions: spatial scenes, embodied meaning, and cognition. Cambridge University Press, New York
72.
Van Riemsdijk H (2007) Case in spatial adpositional phrases: the dative-accusative alternation in German. In: Alboiu G, Avram A, Avram L, Isac D (eds)Festschrift for Alexandra Cornilescu, Bucharest University Press, Bucharest, pp 1–23
73.
74.
Weller M, Fraser A, Schulte im Walde S (2013) Using subcategorization knowledge to improve case prediction for translation to German. In: Proceedings ofthe 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers), Association for Computational Linguistics, Sofia, Bulgaria, pp 593–603. https://​www.​aclweb.​org/​anthology/​P13-1058. Accessed 01 Nov 2020
75.
Weller M, Schulte im Walde S, Fraser A (2014) Using noun class information to model selectional preferences for translating prepositions in SMT. In: Proceedings of the 11th Conference of the Association for machine translation in the Americas, Vancouver, Canada, pp 275–287
76.
Wescoat MT (2007) Preposition-determiner contractions: an analysis in optimality-theoretic lexical-functional grammar with lexical sharing. In: Butt M, King TH (eds) Proceedings of the LFG07 Conference, pp 439–459
77.
Willems K (2011) The semantics of variable case marking (accusative/dative) after two-way prepositions in German locative constructions. towards a constructionist approach. Indoger Forsch 116:324–366CrossRef
78.
Wong MHI, Zhao H, MacWhinney B (2018) A cognitive linguistics application for second language pedagogy: the English preposition tutor. Lang Learn 68(2):438–468CrossRef
79.
80.
Zwarts J (2005) The case of prepositions: government and compositionality in German PPs. In: 21st Annual Meeting of the Israel Association for Theoretical Linguistics, Haifa
Metadaten
Titel
Draw mir a Sheep: A Supersense-based Analysis of German Case and Adposition Semantics
verfasst von
Jakob Prange
Nathan Schneider
Publikationsdatum
04.05.2021
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
KI - Künstliche Intelligenz / Ausgabe 3-4/2021
Print ISSN: 0933-1875
Elektronische ISSN: 1610-1987
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13218-021-00712-y

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 3-4/2021

KI - Künstliche Intelligenz 3-4/2021 Zur Ausgabe

Editorial

Data, Knowledge, and Computation

Discussion

Consciousness: Just Another Technique?

Community

News

Technical Contribution

Embodied Human Computer Interaction

Discussion

The AI Methods, Capabilities and Criticality Grid

Technical Contribution

Stance Detection Benchmark: How Robust is Your Stance Detection?

Premium Partner

    Bildnachweise