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2008 | Buch

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Blast Cleaning Technology

herausgegeben von: Andreas Momber

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik"

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Über dieses Buch

Blast cleaning is one of the most frequently utilised surface treatment-method in modern industry. Tilghman’s patent on "Improvement in cutting and engraving stone, metal, glass etc." (1870) was the starting point of the utilisation of blast cleaning for industrial processes. Early applications included applications in the foundry industry, steel making industry, and corrosion protection industry. Today’s applications include the use for micro-machining, polishing, maintenance and surface preparation for coating applications. Recent advanced applications in the machining industry include blast cleaning assisted laser milling.

The book is the first comprehensive monograph in this subject. It provides a practical and comprehensive review of the technology. This book systematically and critically reviews the theory behind the technology, the state of current blast cleaning, surface quality aspects and the effects of blast cleaning on the performance of applied coatings.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter

Chapter 1. Introduction

Reams (1939), in his book Modern Blast Cleaning and Ventilation, and Rosenberger (1939), in his book Impact Cleaning, probably delivered the first serious stateof- the-art reviews about the industrial fundamentals of blast cleaning. They were followed by Plaster (1972) with his two-volume compendium on ‘Blast Cleaning and Allied Processes’. In Germany, Horowitz’ (1982) book about Oberflächenbehandlung mittles Strahlmitteln (Surface Treatment with Blasting Media) became very popular and is still a widely used reference. Since then, 25 years of intense progress in both industrial applications and scientific research have passed. The aim of this book is to provide an extensive up-to-date engineering-based review about the fundamental principles of blast cleaning.

Andreas Momber

Chapter 2. Abrasive Materials

A large number of different types of abrasive materials is available for blast cleaning applications. Most frequently applied abrasive materials are listed in Table 2.1. Table 2.2 lists numerous physical, chemical and technical properties of commercial abrasive materials. Basically, there can be distinguished between metallic abrasive materials and non-metallic abrasive materials.

Andreas Momber

Chapter 3. Air and Abrasive Acceleration

Air is a colourless, odourless and tasteless gas mixture. It consists of many gases, but primarily of oxygen (21%) and nitrogen (78%). Air is always more or less contaminated with solid particles, for example, dust, sand, soot and salt crystals. Typical properties of air are listed in Table 3.1. If air is considered to be an ideal gas, its behaviour can be described based on the general law of state.

Andreas Momber

Chapter 4. Blast Cleaning Equipment

The general structure of a pressure blast cleaning system is illustrated in Fig. 4.1. It basically consists of two types of equipment: air suppliers and air consumers. The prime air supplier is the compressor. At larger sites, storage pressure vessels accompany a compressor. These vessels serve to store a certain amount of pressurised air, and to allow an unrestricted delivery of a demanded amount of compressed air to the consumers. The prime air consumer is the blast cleaning nozzle. However, hoses, whether air hoses or abrasive hoses, are air consumers as well – a fact which is often not considered. Another consumer is the breathing air system. However, it is not uncommon to run separate small compressors for breathing air supply; an example is shown in Fig. 4.1. Further parts of a blast cleaning configuration are control devices, valve arrangements and safety equipment.

Andreas Momber

Chapter 5. Substrate and Coating Erosion

The basic process of blast cleaning is the impingement of individual abrasive particles under different conditions on the target material. In the reference literature, this process is often referred to as solid particle erosion. The system “coating – interfacial layer – substrate” is illustrated in Fig. 5.1. This complete system responds by the following two mechanisms to the impingement of solid particles.

Andreas Momber

Chapter 6. Surface Preparation Process

Blast cleaning can be considered to be an erosion process. Erosion is a tribological term, and it can be discussed based on a tribological system. The tribological system for solid particle erosion is schematically shown in Fig. 6.1. The tribological system features the loading collective, the wear parameters and the bodies involved in the process. The loading collective characterises the process parameters.

Andreas Momber

Chapter 7. Health, Safety and Environment

General aspects of health, safety and environment (HSE) for blast cleaning applications are summarised in Fig. 7.1. ISO 12944-4 states the following for surface preparation in general: “All relevant health and safety regulation shall be observed.” Blast cleaning owns an injury potential. General sources of danger to blast cleaning operators include the following.

Andreas Momber

Chapter 8. Surface Quality Aspects

Quality features of substrate surfaces determine the performance and properties of applied coating systems. Related to the performance of corrosion protective coating systems, ISO series 8502 states the following.

Andreas Momber

Chapter 9. Coating Performance

There is no single parameter or property that can characterise the corrosion protection capability or performance of coating systems. It is rather a mixture of parameters that must be considered. The same problem applies to testing methods. Standard parameters for the assessment of the behaviour of corrosion protective coatings are summarised in Fig. 9.1. Basically, the performance of undamaged and artificially injured coating systems is evaluated. Examples for the effects of different surface preparation methods on the corrosion at artificial scribes are provided in Fig. 9.2. It can be seen that the performance was worst for the untreated sample and best for the blast cleaned sample. Samples prepared with power tools showed moderate performance.

Andreas Momber

Erratum

Publisher

Backmatter

Titel: Blast Cleaning Technology
herausgegeben von: Andreas Momber
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Electronic ISBN: 978-3-540-73645-5
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-73644-8
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73645-5

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