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2024 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

8. Refining the Chemical Pulps

verfasst von : Vail Manfredi

Erschienen in: Eucalyptus Kraft Pulp Refining

Verlag: Springer Nature Switzerland

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Abstract

After presents a brief description of the refiners evolution, this chapter focuses on what happens inside the refiners, that is, on the mass flow distributions inside the refiners, on how the flakes in suspension are captured by the bars of the refiners’ discs, and how energy is transferred to the pulp causing the desired changes in the fibers in suspension.
The effects of refining on fibers are described and classified according to the structural changes caused to the fibers as well as according to the direct effects of these changes on the properties of the paper produced. Effects on paper machine runability are also presented and discussed.

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Zurück zum Zitat Arroyo, L. M. – Optimización energética de una fábrica de papel de nueva planta. El Papel (46): 35–39 (1995). Arroyo, L. M. – Optimización energética de una fábrica de papel de nueva planta. El Papel (46): 35–39 (1995).
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Zurück zum Zitat Lumiainen, J. – Refining secondary fibres. In: III International Refining Conference and Exhibition. PIRA/IPST, Atlanta, 1995 Paper 16 11 pgs. Lumiainen, J. – Refining secondary fibres. In: III International Refining Conference and Exhibition. PIRA/IPST, Atlanta, 1995 Paper 16 11 pgs.
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Zurück zum Zitat Cardoso, G. da S.; Lopes, J. L.; dos Santos, M. R. and Lopes, R. J. F. – Tratamento enzimático sobre as fibras recicladas de papelão ondulado. O Papel, 79 (7): 80–86 (2018). Cardoso, G. da S.; Lopes, J. L.; dos Santos, M. R. and Lopes, R. J. F. – Tratamento enzimático sobre as fibras recicladas de papelão ondulado. O Papel, 79 (7): 80–86 (2018).
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Zurück zum Zitat Malinen, R.; Rantanen, T.; Rautonen, R. and Toikkanen, L. – TCF bleaching to high brightness – bleaching sequences and pulp properties. In: International Pulp Bleaching Conference. TAPPI/CPPA/SPCI/EUCEPA, Vancouver, 1994 pgs. 187–194. Malinen, R.; Rantanen, T.; Rautonen, R. and Toikkanen, L. – TCF bleaching to high brightness – bleaching sequences and pulp properties. In: International Pulp Bleaching Conference. TAPPI/CPPA/SPCI/EUCEPA, Vancouver, 1994 pgs. 187–194.
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Zurück zum Zitat Glowacki, J. J. – Refiners: new designs achieved higher efficiency/capacity. Pulp and Paper 70, (1): 113–114 (1996). Glowacki, J. J. – Refiners: new designs achieved higher efficiency/capacity. Pulp and Paper 70, (1): 113–114 (1996).
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Zurück zum Zitat Arjas, A.; Aario, M. and Rythi, N. – Influence of the residence time distribution on the beating result of a Mill-size conical refiner. Paperi ja Puu, 52 (10): 639–649 (1970) Arjas, A.; Aario, M. and Rythi, N. – Influence of the residence time distribution on the beating result of a Mill-size conical refiner. Paperi ja Puu, 52 (10): 639–649 (1970)
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Zurück zum Zitat Soszynski, R.H. and Kerekes, R. – Elastic interlocking of nylon fibers suspended in liquid. Part 1: nature of cohesion among fibers. Nordic Pulp and Paper Research Journal, 3 (4): 172–179 (1988). Soszynski, R.H. and Kerekes, R. – Elastic interlocking of nylon fibers suspended in liquid. Part 1: nature of cohesion among fibers. Nordic Pulp and Paper Research Journal, 3 (4): 172–179 (1988).
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Zurück zum Zitat Retulainen, E.; Moss, P. and Nieminen, K. – Effect of calendering and wetting on paper properties. Journal of Pulp and Paper Science, 23 (1): 34–39 (1997). Retulainen, E.; Moss, P. and Nieminen, K. – Effect of calendering and wetting on paper properties. Journal of Pulp and Paper Science, 23 (1): 34–39 (1997).
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Zurück zum Zitat Hirn, U.; Schennach, R.; Ganser, C.; Magnusson, M.; Teichert, C. and Östlund, S. – The area in molecular contact in fiber-fiber bonds.In: 15th Fundamental Research Symposium: Advances in Paper Research, Cambridge. 2013 pgs 201–226. Hirn, U.; Schennach, R.; Ganser, C.; Magnusson, M.; Teichert, C. and Östlund, S. – The area in molecular contact in fiber-fiber bonds.In: 15th Fundamental Research Symposium: Advances in Paper Research, Cambridge. 2013 pgs 201–226.
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Zurück zum Zitat Hirn, U. and Schennach, R. – Comprehensive analysis of individual pulp fiber bonds quantifies the mechanisms of fiber bonding in paper. Scientific Reports, 5 (10503):1–9 (2015). Hirn, U. and Schennach, R. – Comprehensive analysis of individual pulp fiber bonds quantifies the mechanisms of fiber bonding in paper. Scientific Reports, 5 (10503):1–9 (2015).
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Zurück zum Zitat Martinez, P.C. and Park, S. W. – Ações das forças em processo de refino em baixa consistência. In: 40th Congresso Anual. ABTCP: São Paulo, 2007 12 pgs. Martinez, P.C. and Park, S. W. – Ações das forças em processo de refino em baixa consistência. In: 40th Congresso Anual. ABTCP: São Paulo, 2007 12 pgs.
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Zurück zum Zitat Anand, S. H.; Manigandan, P.; Kumar, S. and Jeffrey, J. E. C. – Design and manufacturing of disc refiner. International Journal of Emerging Technology in Computer Science and Electronics, 21 (3): 79–82 (2016) Anand, S. H.; Manigandan, P.; Kumar, S. and Jeffrey, J. E. C. – Design and manufacturing of disc refiner. International Journal of Emerging Technology in Computer Science and Electronics, 21 (3): 79–82 (2016)
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Zurück zum Zitat Banks, W. A. – Design considerations and engineering characteristics of disc refiners. Paper Technology, 8 (4): 363–369 (1967). Banks, W. A. – Design considerations and engineering characteristics of disc refiners. Paper Technology, 8 (4): 363–369 (1967).
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Zurück zum Zitat Stationwala, M. I.; Atack, D. and Karnis, A. – Distribution and motion of pulp fibres on refiner bar surface. Journal of Pulp and Paper Science, 18 (4): 131–137 (1992). Stationwala, M. I.; Atack, D. and Karnis, A. – Distribution and motion of pulp fibres on refiner bar surface. Journal of Pulp and Paper Science, 18 (4): 131–137 (1992).
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Zurück zum Zitat Martinez, M. – The energy expended on pulp fibres during low consistency refiners. Doctoral Thesis, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, 1995 106 pgs. Martinez, M. – The energy expended on pulp fibres during low consistency refiners. Doctoral Thesis, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, 1995 106 pgs.
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Zurück zum Zitat Batchelor, W. J. and Ouellet, D. – Estimating forces on fibers in refining. In: IV International Refining Conference. PIRA, Fiuggi, 1997. Paper 2 pgs. 47–60. Batchelor, W. J. and Ouellet, D. – Estimating forces on fibers in refining. In: IV International Refining Conference. PIRA, Fiuggi, 1997. Paper 2 pgs. 47–60.
1022.
Zurück zum Zitat Demler, C. L. – Fundamentals of papermill refining for chemical, mechanical and secondary fibers. In: TECH95 Theory & Practice of Papermaking Course. CPPA;. Ottawa, 1995 Section A2 23 pgs. Demler, C. L. – Fundamentals of papermill refining for chemical, mechanical and secondary fibers. In: TECH95 Theory & Practice of Papermaking Course. CPPA;. Ottawa, 1995 Section A2 23 pgs.
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Zurück zum Zitat Kerekes, R. J. – Characterizing the refining action – linking the process to the refining result. In: Refining and Mechanical Pulping Conference. PIRA, Barcelona, 2005 Paper 1. Kerekes, R. J. – Characterizing the refining action – linking the process to the refining result. In: Refining and Mechanical Pulping Conference. PIRA, Barcelona, 2005 Paper 1.
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Zurück zum Zitat Martinez, M. and Kerekes, R. J. – Forces on fibres in low-consistency refining. Tappi Journal, 77 (12): 119–123 (1994). Martinez, M. and Kerekes, R. J. – Forces on fibres in low-consistency refining. Tappi Journal, 77 (12): 119–123 (1994).
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Zurück zum Zitat Nissan, A. H. – Lectures on fiber science in paper. Edited by W.C. Walker, Pulp and Paper Technology Series. Joint Textbook Committee of the Paper Industry. N°4. p27 Nissan, A. H. – Lectures on fiber science in paper. Edited by W.C. Walker, Pulp and Paper Technology Series. Joint Textbook Committee of the Paper Industry. N°4. p27
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Zurück zum Zitat Kerekes, R. J. – Energy and forces in refining. Journal of Pulp and Paper Science, 30 (1): 10–15 (2010). Kerekes, R. J. – Energy and forces in refining. Journal of Pulp and Paper Science, 30 (1): 10–15 (2010).
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Zurück zum Zitat Kerekes, R. J. – Force-based characterization of refining intensity. Nordic Pulp and Paper Research Journal, 26 (1): 14–20 (2011). Kerekes, R. J. – Force-based characterization of refining intensity. Nordic Pulp and Paper Research Journal, 26 (1): 14–20 (2011).
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Zurück zum Zitat Martinez, M.; Batchelor, W. J.; Kerekes, R. J. e Ouellet, D. – Forces on fibres in low-consistency refining: normal force. Journal of Pulp and Paper Science, 23 (1): J11–J18 (1997). Martinez, M.; Batchelor, W. J.; Kerekes, R. J. e Ouellet, D. – Forces on fibres in low-consistency refining: normal force. Journal of Pulp and Paper Science, 23 (1): J11–J18 (1997).
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Zurück zum Zitat Batchelor, W. J.; Martinez, M.; Kerekes, R. J. and Ouellet, D. – Forces on fibres in low-consistency refining: shear force. Journal of Pulp and Paper Science, 23 (1): J40–J45 (1997). Batchelor, W. J.; Martinez, M.; Kerekes, R. J. and Ouellet, D. – Forces on fibres in low-consistency refining: shear force. Journal of Pulp and Paper Science, 23 (1): J40–J45 (1997).
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Zurück zum Zitat Kerekes, R.J. and Olson, J.A. – Perspectives on fibre length reduction in refining. In: International Conference Scientific and Technical Advances in Refining & Mechanical Pulping. PIRA, Stockholm, 2003 Paper 2. Kerekes, R.J. and Olson, J.A. – Perspectives on fibre length reduction in refining. In: International Conference Scientific and Technical Advances in Refining & Mechanical Pulping. PIRA, Stockholm, 2003 Paper 2.
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Zurück zum Zitat Kerekes, R. J. – Characterizing refining action in PFI mills, Tappi Journal, 4 (3): 9–13 (2005). Kerekes, R. J. – Characterizing refining action in PFI mills, Tappi Journal, 4 (3): 9–13 (2005).
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Zurück zum Zitat Kang, T. and Paulapuro, H. – Effect of external fibrillation on paper strengt. Pulp and Paper Canada, 107 (7/8): 51–54 (2006). Kang, T. and Paulapuro, H. – Effect of external fibrillation on paper strengt. Pulp and Paper Canada, 107 (7/8): 51–54 (2006).
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Zurück zum Zitat Kibblewhite, R. P. – Effect of beating on fiber morphology and fiber surface structure. Appita, 26 (3): 196–202 (1972) Kibblewhite, R. P. – Effect of beating on fiber morphology and fiber surface structure. Appita, 26 (3): 196–202 (1972)
1045.
Zurück zum Zitat Page, D. H. and De Grace, J. H. – Delamination of fiber walls by beating and refining. Tappi Journal, 50 (10): 489–493 (1967). Page, D. H. and De Grace, J. H. – Delamination of fiber walls by beating and refining. Tappi Journal, 50 (10): 489–493 (1967).
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Zurück zum Zitat Vishtal, A. and Retulainen, E. – Boosting the extensibility potential of fibre networks: A review. BioResources, 9 (4): 7951–8001 (2014. Vishtal, A. and Retulainen, E. – Boosting the extensibility potential of fibre networks: A review. BioResources, 9 (4): 7951–8001 (2014.
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Zurück zum Zitat Hubbe, M. A. and Heitmann, J. A. – Review of factors affecting the rekease if water from cellulosic fibers during paper manufacture. BioResources, 2 (3): 500–535 (2007) Hubbe, M. A. and Heitmann, J. A. – Review of factors affecting the rekease if water from cellulosic fibers during paper manufacture. BioResources, 2 (3): 500–535 (2007)
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Zurück zum Zitat Molin, U. and Daniel, G. – Effects of refining on the fibre structure of kraft pulps as revealed by FE-SEM and TEM: influence of alkaline degradation. Holzforschung, 58 (3): 226–232 (2004). Molin, U. and Daniel, G. – Effects of refining on the fibre structure of kraft pulps as revealed by FE-SEM and TEM: influence of alkaline degradation. Holzforschung, 58 (3): 226–232 (2004).
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Zurück zum Zitat Ebeling, K. – A critical review of current theories for the refining of chemical pulps. In: International Symposium of Fundamental Concepts of Refining. IPC, Appleton, 1980 pgs. 1–33. Ebeling, K. – A critical review of current theories for the refining of chemical pulps. In: International Symposium of Fundamental Concepts of Refining. IPC, Appleton, 1980 pgs. 1–33.
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Zurück zum Zitat Robertson, A. A. and Mason, S. G. – Specific surface of cellulose by the liquid permeability method. Pulp and Paper Canada, 50 (12): 103–110 (1949). Robertson, A. A. and Mason, S. G. – Specific surface of cellulose by the liquid permeability method. Pulp and Paper Canada, 50 (12): 103–110 (1949).
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Zurück zum Zitat Kappel, L.; Hirn, U.; Bauer, W. and Schennach, R. – A novel method for the determination of bonded area of individual fiber-fiber bonds. Nordic Pulp and Paper Research Journal, 24 (2): 199–205 (2009). Kappel, L.; Hirn, U.; Bauer, W. and Schennach, R. – A novel method for the determination of bonded area of individual fiber-fiber bonds. Nordic Pulp and Paper Research Journal, 24 (2): 199–205 (2009).
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Zurück zum Zitat Hietanen, S. and Ebeling, K. – Fundamental aspects of the refining process. Paperi ja Puu, 72 (2): 158–170 (1990) Hietanen, S. and Ebeling, K. – Fundamental aspects of the refining process. Paperi ja Puu, 72 (2): 158–170 (1990)
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Zurück zum Zitat Johansson, M. H. and Samuelson, O. – Alkaline destruction of birch xylan in the light of recent investigations of its structure. Svensk Papperstiding, 80(16), 519–524 (1977). Johansson, M. H. and Samuelson, O. – Alkaline destruction of birch xylan in the light of recent investigations of its structure. Svensk Papperstiding, 80(16), 519–524 (1977).
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Zurück zum Zitat Dekker, J. – New insights in beating leading to innovative beating techniques. In: Scientific and Technical Advances in Refining & Mechanical Pulping – Course Notes. PIRA: Stockholm, 2003 Paper 10. Dekker, J. – New insights in beating leading to innovative beating techniques. In: Scientific and Technical Advances in Refining & Mechanical Pulping – Course Notes. PIRA: Stockholm, 2003 Paper 10.
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Zurück zum Zitat Brogdon, B. N.; Mancosky, D. G. and Lucia, L. A. – New insight into modification during chlorine dioxide bleaching sequences. Part III: modifications in (EO). In: Fall Conference. TAPPI, 2003. Brogdon, B. N.; Mancosky, D. G. and Lucia, L. A. – New insight into modification during chlorine dioxide bleaching sequences. Part III: modifications in (EO). In: Fall Conference. TAPPI, 2003.
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Zurück zum Zitat Andersson, S.; Serimaa, R.; Paakkari, T.; Saranpää, P. and Pesonen, E. – Crystallinity of wood and the size of cellulose crystallites in Norway spruce (Picea abies). Journal of Wood Science, 49 (6):531–537 (2003). Andersson, S.; Serimaa, R.; Paakkari, T.; Saranpää, P. and Pesonen, E. – Crystallinity of wood and the size of cellulose crystallites in Norway spruce (Picea abies). Journal of Wood Science, 49 (6):531–537 (2003).
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Zurück zum Zitat Sepke, P.-W. and Meltzer, F. P. – Mahlung von faserstoffer für LWC – papiere. Das Papier, 47 (3): 123–127 (1993). Sepke, P.-W. and Meltzer, F. P. – Mahlung von faserstoffer für LWC – papiere. Das Papier, 47 (3): 123–127 (1993).
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Zurück zum Zitat Meltzer, F. P. and Rauntnbach, R. – Neue möglichkeiten zur vorherbestimmung des technologischer mahlergebnisses. Das Papier, 47 (3): 578–583 (1994). Meltzer, F. P. and Rauntnbach, R. – Neue möglichkeiten zur vorherbestimmung des technologischer mahlergebnisses. Das Papier, 47 (3): 578–583 (1994).
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Zurück zum Zitat Sepke, P.-W.; Meltzer, F. P. and Musselmann, W. – Influencing specific energy in low consistency refining – a new approach. In: III International Refining Conference and Exhibition. PIRA/PST, Atlanta, 1995 Paper 21.dillen Sepke, P.-W.; Meltzer, F. P. and Musselmann, W. – Influencing specific energy in low consistency refining – a new approach. In: III International Refining Conference and Exhibition. PIRA/PST, Atlanta, 1995 Paper 21.dillen
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Zurück zum Zitat Crow, H. – Energy saving in the refining of shor fibre pulps. In: Papermakers Conference. TAPPI, Philadelphia, 1996 pg. 9. Crow, H. – Energy saving in the refining of shor fibre pulps. In: Papermakers Conference. TAPPI, Philadelphia, 1996 pg. 9.
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Zurück zum Zitat Joris, G. – Théorie mathématique du raffinage de la pâte à papier en basse concentration. Revue ATIP, 40 (10): 507–526 (1986). Joris, G. – Théorie mathématique du raffinage de la pâte à papier en basse concentration. Revue ATIP, 40 (10): 507–526 (1986).
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Zurück zum Zitat Kerekes, R. – Characterization of pulp refiners by a C-factor. Nordic Pulp and Paper Research Journal, 05 (1): 3–8 (1990). Kerekes, R. – Characterization of pulp refiners by a C-factor. Nordic Pulp and Paper Research Journal, 05 (1): 3–8 (1990).
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Zurück zum Zitat Lumiainen, J. – A new approach to the critical factors effecting refining intensity result in low-consistency refining. In: EUCEPA Meeting. EUCEPA, Stockholm, 1990 pg. 310. Lumiainen, J. – A new approach to the critical factors effecting refining intensity result in low-consistency refining. In: EUCEPA Meeting. EUCEPA, Stockholm, 1990 pg. 310.
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Zurück zum Zitat Lumiainen, J. – New theory can improve practice. Pulp and Paper International, 32 (8): 46–47, 54 (1990). Lumiainen, J. – New theory can improve practice. Pulp and Paper International, 32 (8): 46–47, 54 (1990).
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Zurück zum Zitat Kerekes, R. J.; Clara, M.; Dharni, S. and Martinez, M. – Application of the C-factor to characterize pulp refiners. Journal of Pulp and Paper Science, 19 (3): J125–130 (1993). Kerekes, R. J.; Clara, M.; Dharni, S. and Martinez, M. – Application of the C-factor to characterize pulp refiners. Journal of Pulp and Paper Science, 19 (3): J125–130 (1993).
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Zurück zum Zitat Kerekes, R. J.; Ouellet, D. and Martinez, M. – New perspectives on refining intensity. In: III International Refining Conference and Exhibition. PIRA/IPST, Atlanta, 1995 Paper 3 23 pgs. Kerekes, R. J.; Ouellet, D. and Martinez, M. – New perspectives on refining intensity. In: III International Refining Conference and Exhibition. PIRA/IPST, Atlanta, 1995 Paper 3 23 pgs.
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Zurück zum Zitat Charuel, R. C.; Roux, J. C.; Agostini, F. de e Roussele, M. – Influence de la géometrie des lames sur le raffinage des pátes chimiques. Revue ATIP, 42 (4): 153–160 (1988). Charuel, R. C.; Roux, J. C.; Agostini, F. de e Roussele, M. – Influence de la géometrie des lames sur le raffinage des pátes chimiques. Revue ATIP, 42 (4): 153–160 (1988).
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Zurück zum Zitat Kerekes, R. and Meltzer, F. – The influence of bar width on bar forces and fibre shortening in low consistency pulp refining. Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 33(2): 220–225 (2018). Kerekes, R. and Meltzer, F. – The influence of bar width on bar forces and fibre shortening in low consistency pulp refining. Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 33(2): 220–225 (2018).
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Zurück zum Zitat Olender, D.; Wild, P.; Byrnes, P.; Ouellet, D. and Sabourin, M. – Forces on bars in high-consistency mill-scale refiners: Effect of consistency. Nordic Pulp and Paper Research Journal, 23 (2): 218–223 (2008). Olender, D.; Wild, P.; Byrnes, P.; Ouellet, D. and Sabourin, M. – Forces on bars in high-consistency mill-scale refiners: Effect of consistency. Nordic Pulp and Paper Research Journal, 23 (2): 218–223 (2008).
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Zurück zum Zitat Berna, J. E. R.; Martinez, M. and Olson, J. – Power–gap relationships in low consistency refining. Nordic Pulp and Paper Research Journal, 34 (1): 36–45 (2019). Berna, J. E. R.; Martinez, M. and Olson, J. – Power–gap relationships in low consistency refining. Nordic Pulp and Paper Research Journal, 34 (1): 36–45 (2019).
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Zurück zum Zitat Kurdin, J. A. – High consistency refining of chemical (pulp) fibres. In: Refining Chemical Pulps Seminar. Doschi Association, Appleton, 1986 pg 15. Kurdin, J. A. – High consistency refining of chemical (pulp) fibres. In: Refining Chemical Pulps Seminar. Doschi Association, Appleton, 1986 pg 15.
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Zurück zum Zitat Lumiainen, J. – Refining of chemical pulp. In: Papermaking Science and Technology. Volume 8 – Papermaking Part 1 – Stock preparation and wet end, Chapter 4. Ed. Gullichsen, J. and Paulapuro, H. Finnish Paper Engineers’ Association/Paperi ja Puu Oy, Hesinki: 2000 pg. 86. Lumiainen, J. – Refining of chemical pulp. In: Papermaking Science and Technology. Volume 8 – Papermaking Part 1 – Stock preparation and wet end, Chapter 4. Ed. Gullichsen, J. and Paulapuro, H. Finnish Paper Engineers’ Association/Paperi ja Puu Oy, Hesinki: 2000 pg. 86.
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Zurück zum Zitat Min, B. G.; Lee, J. Y.; Kim, C. H.; Park, S. H.; Lee, M. S.; Gu, H. G. and Lee, C. Y. – New technology for developing a lightweight refiner plate for hardwood kraft pulp fibers. BioResources, 15 (4): 9128–9142 (2020). Min, B. G.; Lee, J. Y.; Kim, C. H.; Park, S. H.; Lee, M. S.; Gu, H. G. and Lee, C. Y. – New technology for developing a lightweight refiner plate for hardwood kraft pulp fibers. BioResources, 15 (4): 9128–9142 (2020).
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Zurück zum Zitat Christopher, L.; Demler, C. L.; Beder-Miller, S. and e Aldridge, R. – Refining case study: using improved refiner control to ncrease pulp quality and paper machine performance. In: Paper Conference, New Orleans, 2012 39 pgs Christopher, L.; Demler, C. L.; Beder-Miller, S. and e Aldridge, R. – Refining case study: using improved refiner control to ncrease pulp quality and paper machine performance. In: Paper Conference, New Orleans, 2012 39 pgs
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Zurück zum Zitat Rajendra D., Deshpande, R. D. – Energy considerations in stock preparation refining modified by recycling. Master’s Thesis. Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, 1988 164 pgs Rajendra D., Deshpande, R. D. – Energy considerations in stock preparation refining modified by recycling. Master’s Thesis. Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, 1988 164 pgs
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Zurück zum Zitat Baker, C. F. – Optimization of paper mill refining systems. In: 3rd International Refining Conference. PIRA/IPST, Atlanta, 1995 Paper 13. Baker, C. F. – Optimization of paper mill refining systems. In: 3rd International Refining Conference. PIRA/IPST, Atlanta, 1995 Paper 13.
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Zurück zum Zitat Rihs, J. – Low consistency refining – theory vs practice. In: III International Refining Conference and Exhibition. PIRA/IPST, Atlanta, 1995 Paper 10 15 pgs. Rihs, J. – Low consistency refining – theory vs practice. In: III International Refining Conference and Exhibition. PIRA/IPST, Atlanta, 1995 Paper 10 15 pgs.
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Zurück zum Zitat Radoslavova, D.; Roux, J. C. and Silvy, J. – The beating of pulp considered as a hydrodynamic process. In: III International Refining Conference and Exhibition. PIRA/IPST, Atlanta, 1995 Paper 6 32 pgs. Radoslavova, D.; Roux, J. C. and Silvy, J. – The beating of pulp considered as a hydrodynamic process. In: III International Refining Conference and Exhibition. PIRA/IPST, Atlanta, 1995 Paper 6 32 pgs.
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Zurück zum Zitat Crook, J. – The dream revisited – an update on Brazilian refining technology. In: III International Refining Conference and Exhibition. PIRA/IPST, Atlanta: 20-22/03/1995 Paper 14 12 pgs. Crook, J. – The dream revisited – an update on Brazilian refining technology. In: III International Refining Conference and Exhibition. PIRA/IPST, Atlanta: 20-22/03/1995 Paper 14 12 pgs.
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Zurück zum Zitat Luengo, J.; Segura, C. and González, R. – Effect of refining intensity on properties of eucalyptus fibers – Santa Fe pulp – CMPC. In: 8th International Colloquium on Eucalyptus Pulp, Concepción, 2012 28 slides Luengo, J.; Segura, C. and González, R. – Effect of refining intensity on properties of eucalyptus fibers – Santa Fe pulp – CMPC. In: 8th International Colloquium on Eucalyptus Pulp, Concepción, 2012 28 slides
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Zurück zum Zitat Baker, C. F. – Various options for the control of refining process. In: IV International Refining Conference. PIRA, Fiuggi: 18-20/03/1997 Paper 16 pgs. 249–264. Baker, C. F. – Various options for the control of refining process. In: IV International Refining Conference. PIRA, Fiuggi: 18-20/03/1997 Paper 16 pgs. 249–264.
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Zurück zum Zitat Welch, L. V. and Kerekes, R. J. – Characterization of the PFI mill by t Welch, L. V. and Kerekes, R. J. – Characterization of the PFI mill by t
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Zurück zum Zitat Mayade, T. L. – Statistical theory of chemical pulp refining: an innovative combined approach. Appita Journal, 50 (3): 237–244 (1997). Mayade, T. L. – Statistical theory of chemical pulp refining: an innovative combined approach. Appita Journal, 50 (3): 237–244 (1997).
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Zurück zum Zitat Baker, C. F. – Optimisation of refining in fine and speciality paper mill systems. In: Papermakers Conference. TAPPI, Philadelphia: 24-27/03/1996 pgs. 215–224. Baker, C. F. – Optimisation of refining in fine and speciality paper mill systems. In: Papermakers Conference. TAPPI, Philadelphia: 24-27/03/1996 pgs. 215–224.
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Zurück zum Zitat Manfredi, V.; Vilela, C. B. and Claudio-da-Silva Jr. E. – Efeito das variáveis operacionais de refino na evolução das propriedades da polpa refinada. In: Congresso Anual de Celulose e Papel. ABTCP, São Paulo, 1986 pgs. 189–207. Manfredi, V.; Vilela, C. B. and Claudio-da-Silva Jr. E. – Efeito das variáveis operacionais de refino na evolução das propriedades da polpa refinada. In: Congresso Anual de Celulose e Papel. ABTCP, São Paulo, 1986 pgs. 189–207.
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Zurück zum Zitat Manfredi, V. – Optimizing eucalyptus pulp refining. In: International Papermaking & Environment Conference. Ed. Yang, S.; Ni, Y e Liu, Z. Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin – China: 12-14/05/2004 Book A pgs. 41–50. Manfredi, V. – Optimizing eucalyptus pulp refining. In: International Papermaking & Environment Conference. Ed. Yang, S.; Ni, Y e Liu, Z. Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin – China: 12-14/05/2004 Book A pgs. 41–50.
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Zurück zum Zitat Ouellet, D.; Bennington, C. P. J.; Senger, J. J.; Borisoff, J. F. and Martiskainen, J. M. – Measurement of pulp residence time in a high-consistency refiner. Journal of Pulp and Paper Science, 22 (8): J301–305 (1996). Ouellet, D.; Bennington, C. P. J.; Senger, J. J.; Borisoff, J. F. and Martiskainen, J. M. – Measurement of pulp residence time in a high-consistency refiner. Journal of Pulp and Paper Science, 22 (8): J301–305 (1996).
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Zurück zum Zitat Bordin, R.; Toux, J-C. and Block, J-F. – No-load characterization of a low-consistency disc refiner for na efetive application of refining theories. Engineering, Pulping and Environmental Conference, TAPPI, TAPPI Engineering, Pulping and Environmental Conference, Jacksonville, 2007 33 pgs. Bordin, R.; Toux, J-C. and Block, J-F. – No-load characterization of a low-consistency disc refiner for na efetive application of refining theories. Engineering, Pulping and Environmental Conference, TAPPI, TAPPI Engineering, Pulping and Environmental Conference, Jacksonville, 2007 33 pgs.
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Metadaten
Titel
Refining the Chemical Pulps
verfasst von
Vail Manfredi
Copyright-Jahr
2024
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-47285-5_8

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