ABSTRACT
It is often difficult in computer graphics applications to understand spatial relationships between objects in a 3D scene or effect changes to those objects without specialized visualization and manipulation techniques. We present a set of three-dimensional tools (widgets) called “shadows” that not only provide valuable perceptual cues about the spatial relationships between objects, but also provide a direct manipulation interface to constrained transformation techniques. These shadow widgets provide two advances over previous techniques. First, they provide high correlation between their own geometric feedback and their effects on the objects they control. Second, unlike some other 3D widgets, they do not obscure the objects they control.
- 1.Eric A. Bier. Snap-dragging in three dimensions. In Rich Riesenfeld and Carlo S6quin, editors, Proceedings ofthe 1990 Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics, pages 193-204. ACM SIGGRAPH, March 1990. Google ScholarDigital Library
- 2.Eric A. Bier and Maureen C. Stone. Snap-dragging. In SIG- GRAPH '86 Conference Proceedings, pages 233-240. ACM SIGGRAPH, Addison-Wesley, July 1986. Google ScholarDigital Library
- 3.Edwin E. CatmuU, editor. SIGG~H '92 Conference Proceedings. ACM SIGGRAPH, Addison-Wesley, July 1992.Google Scholar
- 4.Michael Chen, S. Joy Mounfford, and Abigail Sellen. A study in interactive 3-D rotation using 2-D control devices. In John Dill, editor, SIGGRAPH '88 Conference Proceedings, pages 121-129. ACM SIGGRAPH, Addison-Wesley, August 1988. Google ScholarDigital Library
- 5.D. Brookshire Conner, Scott S. Snibbe, Kenneth P. Hemdon, Daniel C. Robbins, Robert C. Zeleznik, and Andries van Dam. Three-dimensionalwidgets. In Levoy and CatmuU {13}, pages 183-188. Google Scholar
- 6.C. N. Cooper and R. N. Shepard. Turning something over in the mind. Scientific American, 251(6):106-114,1984.Google ScholarCross Ref
- 7.James D. Foley, Andries van Dam, Steven Feiner, and John F. Hughes. Computer Graphics: Principles and Practice. Addison-Wesley, 2nd edition, 1990. Google ScholarDigital Library
- 8.Tinsley A. Galyean and John F. Hughes. Sculpting: An interactive volumetric modeling technique. In Sederberg {20}, pages 267-274. Google Scholar
- 9.Stanley L. Grotch. Three-dimensionaland stereoscopicgraphics for scientific data display and analysis. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 3(8):31-43, November 1983.Google ScholarDigital Library
- 10.Stephanie Houde. iterative design of an interface for easy 3D direct manipulation. In Proceedings of ACM CHI'92 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pages 135- 142, 1992. Google ScholarDigital Library
- 11.Edwin L. Hutchins, James D. Hollan, and Donald A. Norman. Direct manipulation interfaces. In Human-Computer Interaction, volume 1, pages 311-338. Laurence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., 1985.Google ScholarDigital Library
- 12.Paul Jerome Kilpatrick. The Use of a Kinesthetic Supplement in an interactive Graphics System. PhD thesis, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1976.Google Scholar
- 13.Marc Levoy and Edwin E. Catmull, editors. Proceedings ofthe 1992 Symposium on Interactive Three-Dimensional Graphics. ACM SIGGRAPH, March 1992.Google Scholar
- 14.Gregory M. Nielson and Dan R. Olson Jr. Direct manipulation techniques for 3D objects using 2D locator devices, in Frank Crow and Stephen M. Pizer, editors, Proceedings of the 1986 Workshop on Interactive 3D Graphics, pages 175-182. ACM SIGGRAPH and ACM SIGCHI, October 1986. Google ScholarDigital Library
- 15.Cary B. Phillips and Norman I. Badler. Jack: a toolkit for manipulating articulated figures. In Proceedings of the ACM SiGGRAPH Symposium on User Interface Software, pages 221-229,1988. Google ScholarDigital Library
- 16.Cary B. Phillips, Nomlan I. Badler, and John Granieri. Automatic viewing control for 3D direct manipulation. In Levoy and Catmull {13}, pages 71-74. Google Scholar
- 17.Pixar, Inc. RenderMan Showplace. Macintosh application.Google Scholar
- 18.Pierre Poulin and Alain Foumier. Lights from highlights and shadows. In Levoy and Catmull {13}, pages 31-38. Google Scholar
- 19.F. Rabb, E. Blood, R. Steiner, and H. Jones. Magnetic position and orientation tracking system. IEEE Transaction on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 15(5):709-718, September 1979.Google ScholarCross Ref
- 20.Thomas W. Sederberg, editor. SIGGRAPH '91 Conference Proceedings. ACM SIGGRAPH, Addison-Wesley, July 1991.Google Scholar
- 21.Scott S. Snibbe, Kenneth P. Hemdon, Daniel C. Robbins, D. Brookshire Conner, and Andries van Dam. Using deformations to explore 3D widget design. In Catmull {3}, pages 351-352. Video paper. Google Scholar
- 22.Paul S. Strauss and Rikk Carey. An object-oriented 3D graphics toolkit. In Catmull {3}, pages 341-349. Google Scholar
- 23.David I. Sturman, David Zeltzer, and Steve Pieper. Hands-on interaction with virtual environments. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGG~H Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, pages 19-24, 1989. Google ScholarDigital Library
- 24.Mark A. Tarlton and P. Nong Tarlton. A framework for dynamic visual applications. In Levoy and Catmull {13}, pages 161-164. Google Scholar
- 25.Leonard R. Wanger. The effect of shadow quality on the perception of spatial relationships in computer generated imagery. In Levoy and Catmull {13}, pages 39-42. Google Scholar
- 26.Leonard R. Wanger, lames A. Ferwerda, and Donald P. Greenberg. Perceiving spatial relationships in computergenerated images. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 12(3):44-58, May 1992. Google ScholarDigital Library
- 27.Robert C. Zeleznik, D. Brookshire Conner, Matthias W. Wloka, Daniel G. Ahaga, Nate T. Huang, Phillip M. Hubbard, Brian Knep, Henry Kaufman, John F. Hughes, and Andries van Dam. An object-oriented framework for the integration of interactive animation techniques. In Sederberg {20}, pages 105-112. Google Scholar
- 28.Thomas G. Zimmerman, laron Lanier, Chuck Blanchard, Steve Bryson, and Young HarviU. A hand gesture interface device. In Proceedings of ACM CHI+GI'87 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems and Graphics Interface, pages 189-192, 1987. Google ScholarDigital Library
Index Terms
- Interactive shadows
Recommendations
A Comparison of Interactive Shadows and Multi-View Layouts for Mouse-based 3D Modelling
SAICSIT '16: Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the South African Institute of Computer Scientists and Information Technologists3D user interfaces allow users to view and interact with objects in a 3D scene and form a key component in many modelling applications used in engineering, medicine and design. Most mouse-based interfaces follow the same multi-view layout (three ...
Distributed rendering of interactive soft shadows
Parallel graphics and visualisationRecently several distributed rendering systems have been developed that exploit a cluster of commodity computers by connecting host graphics cards over a fast network to form a compositing pipeline. This paper introduces an algorithm for one such system ...
SDM: malleable information graphics
INFOVIS '95: Proceedings of the 1995 IEEE Symposium on Information VisualizationSelective dynamic manipulation (SDM) is a paradigm for interacting with objects in visualizations. Its methods offer a high degree of selectivity, in choosing object sets, in the selection of interactive techniques and the properties they affect, and in ...
Comments