skip to main content
10.1145/1851600.1851630acmotherconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagesmobilehciConference Proceedingsconference-collections
research-article

RearType: text entry using keys on the back of a device

Published:07 September 2010Publication History

ABSTRACT

RearType is a text input system for mobile devices such as Tablet PCs, using normal keyboard keys but on the reverse side of the device. The standard QWERTY layout is split and rotated so that hands gripping the device from either side have the usual keys under the fingers. This frees up the front of the device, maximizing the use of the display for visual output, eliminating the need for an onscreen keyboard and the resulting hand occlusion, and providing tactile and multi-finger text entry - with potential for knowledge transfer from QWERTY. Using a prototype implementation which includes software visualization of the keys to assist with learning, we conducted a study to explore the initial learning curve for RearType. With one hour's training, RearType typing speed was an average 15 WPM, and was not statistically different to a touchscreen keyboard.

References

  1. Baudisch, P. and Chu, G. Back-of-device interaction allows creating very small touch devices. In Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems ACM (2009) 1923--1932. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  2. Clawson, J., Lyons, K., Starner, T., and Clarkson, E. The Impacts of Limited Visual Feedback on Mobile Text Entry. In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Wearable Computing, 2005. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  3. Conrad, R., & Longman, D. Standard typewriter versus chord keyboard: An experimental comparison. Ergonomics. 8. (1965) 77--88.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  4. DataHand Systems, Inc. DataHand Pro II ergonomic keyboard. http://www.datahand.com/Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  5. Gopher, D., & Koenig, W. Hands coordination in data entry with a two-hand chord typewriter.Technical Report CPL 83--3. Cognitive Psychology Laboratory, Dept. of Psychology, University of Illinois (1983).Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  6. Green, N., Kruger, J., Faldu, C., and St. Amant, R. A reduced QWERTY keyboard for mobile text entry. In CHI '04 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM (2004) 1429--1432 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  7. Grippity Ltd. Grippity 1.0 see-through keyboard. http://www.grippity.com/products.htmlGoogle ScholarGoogle Scholar
  8. Hinckley, K. and Sinclair, M. Touch-sensing input devices. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems ACM (1999) 223--230 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  9. Hiraoka, S., Miyamaoto, I, Tomimatsu, K. Behind Touch: A Text Input Method for Mobile Phone by The Back and Tactile Sense Interface, In Proceedings of Interaction 2003 IPSJ (2003) 131--138Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  10. Kristensson, P.O. and Denby, L.C. 2009. Text entry performance of state of the art unconstrained handwriting recognition: a longitudinal user study. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '09). ACM (2009) 567--570. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  11. Landsberger, H. A. Hawthorne Revisited, Ithaca (1958).Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  12. Lyons, K., Starner, T., Plaisted, D., Fusia, J., Lyons, A., Drew, A., and Looney, E. W. Twiddler typing: one-handed chording text entry for mobile phones. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM (2004) 671--678 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  13. MacKenzie, I. S. KSPC (keystrokes per character) as a characteristic of text entry techniques. Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Human Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices, Springer-Verlag (2002) 195--210. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  14. Matias, E., MacKenzie, I. S., & Buxton, W. Half-QWERTY: A one-handed keyboard facilitating skill transfer from QWERTY. In Proceedings of the INTERCHI '93 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems ACM (1993) 88--94. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  15. SafeType, Inc. SafeType Ergonomic Keyboard. http://www.safetype.com/Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  16. Sellen, A., Kurtenbach, G., & Buxton, W. The prevention of mode errors through sensory feedback. Human Computer Interaction. 7(2). (1992) 141--164. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  17. Silfverberg, M. Using mobile keypads with limited visual feedback: Implications to handheld and wearable devices.In Proceedings of Mobile HCI 2003. Springer-Verlag (2003) 76--90.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  18. Soukoreff, W., & MacKenzie, I.S. Text entry for mobile computing: Models and methods, theory and practice. Human-Computer Interaction, 17 (2002) 147--198.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  19. Sugimoto, M. and Hiroki, K. HybridTouch: an intuitive manipulation technique for PDAs using their front and rear surfaces. In Proceedings of the 8th Conference on Human-Computer interaction with Mobile Devices and Services. ACM (2006) 137--140. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  20. Vogel, D., Cudmore, M., Casiez, G., Balakrishnan, R., and Keliher, L. Hand occlusion with tablet-sized direct pen input. Proceedings of CHI 2009 - the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM (2009) 557--566. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  21. Wigdor, D., Forlines, C., Baudisch, P., Barnwell, J., Shen, C. LucidTouch: A See-Through Mobile Device. In Proceedings of the 20th Annual ACM Symposium on User Iinterface Software and Technology, ACM (2007) 269--278. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  22. Wobbrock, J. O., Chau, D. H., and Myers, B. A. An alternative to push, press, and tap-tap-tap: gesturing on an isometric joystick for mobile phone text entry. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, ACM (2007) 667--676. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  23. Wobbrock, J. O., Myers, B. A., Aung, H. H. The performance of hand postures in front- and back-of-device interaction for mobile computing. International Journal of Human Computer Studies 12 (2008), 857--875. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library

Recommendations

Comments

Login options

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Sign in
  • Published in

    cover image ACM Other conferences
    MobileHCI '10: Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Human computer interaction with mobile devices and services
    September 2010
    552 pages
    ISBN:9781605588353
    DOI:10.1145/1851600
    • General Chairs:
    • Marco de Sá,
    • Luís Carriço,
    • Program Chair:
    • Nuno Correia

    Copyright © 2010 ACM

    Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

    Publisher

    Association for Computing Machinery

    New York, NY, United States

    Publication History

    • Published: 7 September 2010

    Permissions

    Request permissions about this article.

    Request Permissions

    Check for updates

    Qualifiers

    • research-article

    Acceptance Rates

    MobileHCI '10 Paper Acceptance Rate46of225submissions,20%Overall Acceptance Rate202of906submissions,22%

PDF Format

View or Download as a PDF file.

PDF

eReader

View online with eReader.

eReader