John Helmes
Alex S. Taylor
Kristina Höök
ABSTRACT
This work describes the design process and installation of three speculative, rudimentary machines, or rudiments. Through careful iterations in their design, the rudiments are intended to provoke curiosity and discussion around the possibility of autonomy in interactive systems. The design of the rudiments is described in detail, alongside the design decisions that were made to suggest a machine autonomy and to provoke discussion. Some preliminary reflections from installing the rudiments in two separate households are also reported. Widely divergent opinions of the rudiments from the two households are used to discuss a number of themes for thinking about autonomy and interactive systems design. Overall, the presented work adopts a perspective strongly oriented towards guiding future research, but, importantly, aims to do so by opening up and exposing the design possibilities rather than constraining them.
- Agre, P. Computation and Human Experience. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1997. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Aipperspach, R., Hooker, B., & Woodruff, A. The heterogeneous home. In Proc. UbiComp '08, ACM (2008), 222--231. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Breazeal, C. Emotion and sociable humanoid robots. Int'l Jn'l Hum. Comp. Std. 59, 1--2 (2003), 119--155. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Brooks, A. G., Gray, J., Hoffman, G., Lockerd, A., Lee, H., & Breazeal, C. Robot's play: interactive games with sociable machines. Computers in Entertainment. 2, 3 (2004), 1--18. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Brooks, R. A. Intelligence without representation. Artificial Intelligence. 47, 1--3 (1991), 139--159. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Brooks, R. A., Breazeal, C., Marjanović, M., Scassellati, B., & Williamson, M. M. The Cog Project: building a humanoid robot. In Nehaniv, C. (Ed.), Computation for Metaphors, Analogy, and Agents. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg Berlin, 1999, 52--87. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Dunne, A. Hertzian Tales: Electronic Products, Aesthetic Experience, and Critical Design. MIT Press, 2006. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Forlizzi, J. & DiSalvo, C. Service robots in the domestic environment: a study of the Roomba vacuum in the home. In Proc. HRI '06, ACM (2006), 258--265. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Gaver, W., Sengers, P., Kerridge, T., Kaye, J., and Bowers, J. Enhancing ubiquitous computing with user interpretation: field testing the home health horoscope. In Proc. CHI '07, ACM (2007), 537--546. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Gaver, W., W., Beaver, J., & Benford, S. Ambiguity as a resource for design. In Proc. CHI '03, ACM (2003), 233--240. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Gockley, R., Forlizzi, J., & SimMaris, R. Interactions with a moody robot. In Proc. HRI '06, ACM (2006), 186--193. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Kaplan, F. & Oudeyer, P.-Y. Intrinsically Motivated Machines. In Lungarella, M., Iida, F., Bongard, J., & Pfeifer, R. (Eds.), 50 Years of AI. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2007, 304--315. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Kuno, Y., Sakurai, A., Miyauchi, D., & Nakamura, A. Two-way eye contact between humans and robots. In Proc. ICMI '04, ACM (2004), 1--8. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Leahu, L., Sengers, P., & Mateas, M. Interactionist AI and the promise of ubicomp, or, how to put your box in the world without putting the world in your box. In Proc. Ubicomp '08, ACM (2008), 134--143. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Ljungblad, S. & Holmquist, L. E. Transfer Scenarios: Grounding innovation with marginal practices. In Proc. CHI '07, ACM (2007), 737--746. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Maes, P., Darrell, T., Blumberg, B., & Pentland, A. The ALIVE system: full-body interaction with autonomous agents. In Proc. CA '95, IEEE Comp. Soc. (1995), 11. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Mateas, M. Expressive AI: A hybrid art and science practice. Leonardo. 34, 2 (2001), 147--153.Google ScholarCross Ref
- OpenCV 2.0 C Reference. http://opencv.willowgarage. com/documentation/object_detection.html.Google Scholar
- Park, J. & Kim, G. J. Robots with projectors: an alternative to anthropomorphic HRI. In Proc. HRI '09, ACM (2009), 221--222. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Powers, A. & Kiesler, S. The advisor robot: tracing people's mental model from a robot's physical attributes. In Proc. HRI '06, ACM (2006), 218--225. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Romero, M., Pousman, Z., & Mateas, M. Alien presence in the home: the design of Tableau Machine. PUC. 12, 5 (2008), 373--382. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Sengers, P. & Gaver, B. Staying open to interpretation: engaging multiple meanings in design and evaluation. In Proc. DIS '06: ACM (2006), 99--108. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Taylor, A. S. Machine intelligence. In Proc. CHI '09, ACM (2009), 2109--2118. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Taylor, A. S., Swan, L., & Durrant, A. Designing family photo displays. In Proc. ECSCW '07, Springer (2007), 79--98.Google Scholar
- Zhao, S., Nakamura, K., Ishii, K., & Igarashi, T. Magic cards: a paper tag interface for implicit robot control. In Proc. CHI '09, ACM (2009), 173--182. Google ScholarDigital Library
Index Terms
- Rudiments 1, 2 & 3: design speculations on autonomy
Recommendations
Do androids dream of normative endorsement? On the fallibility of artificial moral agents
The more autonomous future artificial agents will become, the more important it seems to equip them with a capacity for moral reasoning and to make them autonomous moral agents (AMAs). Some authors have even claimed that one of the aims of AI ...
Autonomous reboot: Aristotle, autonomy and the ends of machine ethics
AbstractTonkens (Mind Mach, 19, 3, 421–438, 2009) has issued a seemingly impossible challenge, to articulate a comprehensive ethical framework within which artificial moral agents (AMAs) satisfy a Kantian inspired recipe—"rational" and "free"—while also ...
Technology as moral proxy: autonomy and paternalism by design
ETHICS '14: Proceedings of the IEEE 2014 International Symposium on Ethics in Engineering, Science, and TechnologyIn this paper I argue that in cases where technologies provide material answers to moral questions that arise in the use context, they can and should be characterized as moral proxies acting on behalf of a person. Because of this we can accurately ...
Comments