skip to main content
research-article

The issue of moral consideration in robot ethics

Published:05 January 2016Publication History
Skip Abstract Section

Abstract

This paper discusses whether we should grant moral consideration to robots. Contemporary approaches in support of doing so centers around a relational appearance based approach, which takes departure in the fact that we already by now enter into ethical demanding relations with (even simplistic) robots as if they had a mind of their own. Hence, it is assumed that moral status can be viewed as socially constructed and negotiated within relations. However, I argue that a relational turn risks turning the as if into if at the cost of losing sight of what matters in human-human relations. Therefore, I stick to a human centered framework and introduce a moral philosophical perspective, primarily based on Kant's Tugendlehre and his conception of duties as well as the Formula of Humanity, which also holds a relational perspective. This enables me to discuss preliminary arguments for moral considerations of robots.

References

  1. Bartneck, C., Van der Hoek, M., Mubin, O., Al Mahmud, A. 2007. Daisy, Daisy, Give Me Your Answer Do! Switching off a Robot. Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction. Washington DC. DOI: 10.1145/1228716.1228746. 217--222. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  2. Chalmers, D. J. 1995. Facing up the Problem of Consciousness. Journal of Consciousness Studies (2): 3, 200--219.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  3. Coeckelbergh, M. 2012. Growing moral relations: critique of moral status ascription. Palgrave Macmillan, NY.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  4. Coeckelbergh, M. 2010. Robot rights? Towards a social-relational justification of moral consideration. Ehtics Inf Technol.12, 209--221. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  5. Coeckelbergh, M. 2009. Virtual moral agency, virtual moral responsibility: on the moral significance of the appearance, perception, and performace of artificial agents. AI & Society. 24, 181--189. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  6. Dautenhahn, K. 2007. Socially Intelligent Robots: Dimensions of Human-Robot Interaction. Philosophical Transactions: Biological Sciences, Vol. 362, No. 1480, (Apr. 29, 2007). 679--704.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  7. Fine, A. 1993. Fictionalism. Midwest studies in philosophy, XVIII.1--18.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  8. Floridi, L., Sanders, J. W. 2004. On the morality of artificial agents. Minds and Machines. 14(3), 349--379. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  9. Gunkel, D. J. 2012. The Machine Question -- Critical Perspectives on AI, Robots, and Ethics. The MIT Press. MA. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  10. Gunkel, D. J. 2014. The Other Question: The Isssue of Robot Rights. Proceedings of Robo-Philosophy 2014. Sociable Robots and the Future of Social Relations. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications. IOS PressGoogle ScholarGoogle Scholar
  11. Heynes, C. 2013. Report of the Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial summary or arbitrary executions on Lethal Autonomous Robot Systems. A/HCR/23/47 fhttp://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/HRCouncil/RegularSession/Session23/A-HRC-23-47_en.pdf.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  12. Hursthouse, R. 1999. On Virtue Ethics. Oxford University Press. Oxford. NYGoogle ScholarGoogle Scholar
  13. Kant, I. 1991. The Metaphysics of Morals, transl. by M. J. Gregor. Cambridge University Press.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  14. Kant, I. 1785. Akademieausgabe, vol. IV Grundlegung zur Metaphysik der Sitten. http://www.korpora.org/Kant/aa04/Inhalt4.htmlGoogle ScholarGoogle Scholar
  15. MacIntyre, A. 1999. Dependent rational animals: Why human beings need the virtues. Carus Publ. Company. Chicago.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  16. Nourbakhsh, I. R. 2013. Robot Futures. MIT. Cambridge. MA.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  17. Sparrow, R. 2004. The Turing Triage Test. Ethics and Information Technology. 6, 203--213. DOI: 10.1007/s10676-004-6491-2. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  18. Turkle, S. 2011. Alone Together -- Why We Expect More From Technology and Less From Each Other. Basic Books, NY. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  19. Vaihinger. H. 1924. The Philosophy of as if. Transl. by C. K. Ogden. London.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  20. Verbeek, P. P. 2011. Moralizing Technology: Understanding and Designing the Morality of Things. The University of Chicago Press.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  21. Wallach, W., Allen, C. 2009. Moral Machines -- Teaching Robots Right from Wrong. New York: Oxford University Press. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library

Index Terms

  1. The issue of moral consideration in robot ethics

    Recommendations

    Comments

    Login options

    Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

    Sign in

    Full Access

    • Published in

      cover image ACM SIGCAS Computers and Society
      ACM SIGCAS Computers and Society  Volume 45, Issue 3
      Special Issue on Ethicomp
      September 2015
      446 pages

      Copyright © 2016 Copyright is held by the owner/author(s)

      Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for third-party components of this work must be honored. For all other uses, contact the Owner/Author.

      Publisher

      Association for Computing Machinery

      New York, NY, United States

      Publication History

      • Published: 5 January 2016

      Check for updates

      Qualifiers

      • research-article

    PDF Format

    View or Download as a PDF file.

    PDF

    eReader

    View online with eReader.

    eReader