Chen-Hsiang Yu
ABSTRACT
Readers face many obstacles on today's Web, including distracting content competing for the user's attention and other factors interfering with comfortable reading. On today's primarily English-language Web, non-native readers encounter even more problems, even if they have some fluency in English. In this paper, we focus on the presentation of content and propose a new transformation method, Jenga Format, to enhance web page readability. To evaluate the Jenga Format, we conducted a user study on 30 Asian users with moderate English fluency and the results indicated that the proposed transformation method improved reading comprehension without negatively affecting reading speed. We also describe Froggy, a Firefox extension which implements the Jenga format.
Supplemental Material
- Adler, A., Gujar, A., Harrison, B.L., O'Hara, K., and Sellen, A. A diary study of work-related reading: design implications for digital reading devices. Proceedings of CHI '98, pp. 241--248, 1998. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Back, M. and Szymanski, M.H. The AirBook: force-free interaction with dynamic text in an assistive reading device. In CHI '01 Extended Abstracts, pp. 251--252, 2001. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Bell, T. Extensive Reading: Speed and Comprehension. The Reading Matrix, Vol. 1, No. 1, 2001.Google Scholar
- Bernard, M., Liao, C.H., and Mills, M. The effects of font type and size on the legibility and reading time of online text by older adults. CHI '01 Extended Abstracts, pp. 175--176, 2001. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Bolin, M., Webber, M., Rha, P., Wilson, T. and Miller, R. Automation and Customization of Rendered Web Pages. UIST, pp. 163--172, 2005. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Boyarski, D., Neuwirth, C., Forlizzi, J., and Regli, S.H. A study of fonts designed for screen display. Proceedings of CHI '98, pp. 87--94, 1998. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Boguraev, B., Kennedy, C., Bellamy, R., Brawer, S., Wong, Y.Y. and Swartz, J. Dynamic presentation of document content for rapid on-line skimming. In AAAI Spring 1998 Symposium on Intelligent Text Summarization, 1998.Google Scholar
- Cai, D., Yu, S., Wen, J.-R., and Ma, W.-Y.. Extracting Content Structure for Web Pages based on Visual Representation. In The Fifth Asia Pacific Web Conference (APWeb2003), pp. 406--417, 2003. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Chen, N., Guimbretiere, F., Dixon, M., Lewis, C., and Agrawala, M. Navigation techniques for dual-display e-book readers. Proceedings of CHI '08, pp. 1779--1788, 2008. Google ScholarDigital Library
- De Ridder, I. Visible or invisible links? CHI '02 Extended Abstracts, pp. 624--625, 2002. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Dillon, A., Kleinman, L., Choi, G.O., and Bias, R. Visual search and reading tasks using ClearType and regular displays: two experiments. Proceedings of CHI '06, pp. 503--511, 2006. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Dyson, M.C. and Haselgrove, M. The influence of reading speed and line length on the effectiveness of reading from screen. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, Vol.54, No.4, pp. 585--612, 2001. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Dyson, M.C. and Haselgrove, M. The effects of reading speed and reading patterns on the understanding of text read from screen. Journal of Research in Reading, Vol. 23, pp. 210--223, 2000.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Duggan, G.B. and Payne, S.J. How much do we understand when skim reading? Proceedings of CHI '06, pp. 730--735, 2006. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Gould, J.D., Alfaro, L., Finn, R., Haupt, B., and Minuto, A. Why reading was slower from CRT displays than from paper. Proceedings of CHI/GI '87, pp. 7--11, 1987. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Graham, J. The reader's helper: a personalized document reading environment. Proceedings of CHI '99, pp. 481--488, 1999. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Hornbæk, K., Frøkjær, E. Reading patterns and usability in visualizations of electronic documents, ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI), Vol.10, No. 2, pp.119--149, 2003. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Jacobs, C., Li, W., Schrier, E., Bargeron, B., and Salesin, D. Adaptive document layout, Communications of the ACM, Vol. 47, No. 8, 2004. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Keshavarz, M.H., Atai, M.R., Ahmadi H. Content schemata, linguistic simplification, and EFL readers' comprehension and recall. Reading in a Foreign Language, Vol. 19, No. 1, 2007.Google Scholar
- Kushmerick, N. Learning to Remove Internet Advertisements. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Autonomous Agents, pp. 175--181, 1999. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Marshall, C.C. and Bly, S. Saving and using encountered information: implications for electronic periodicals. Proceedings of CHI '05, pp. 111--120, 2005. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Mostow, J., Roth, S.F., Hauptmann, A.G., and Kane, M. A prototype reading coach that listens. In Proceedings of the Twelfth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 785--792, 1994. Google ScholarDigital Library
- O'Hara, K. and Sellen, A. A comparison of reading paper and on-line documents. Proceedings of CHI '97, pp. 335--342, 1997. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Petrie, H., Hamilton, F. and King, N. Tension, what tension? Website accessibility and visual design. Proceedings of the 2004 international cross-disciplinary workshop on Web accessibility (W4A), pp. 13--18, 2004. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Platypus, http://platpus.mozdev.org/Google Scholar
- Protopsaltis, A., Bouki, V. The effects of reading goals in hypertext reading. SIGDOC, pp.29--34, 2006. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Richards, J. and Hanson, V. Web accessibility: a broader view. Proceedings of the 13th international conference on World Wide Web, pp. 72--79, 2004. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Schilit, B.N., Price, M.N., Golovchinsky, G., Tanaka, K. and Marshall, C.C. As We May Read: The Reading Appliance Revolution. Computer, Vol. 32, No. 1, pp. 65--73, 1999. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Schilit, B.N., Golovchinsky, G., and Price, M.N. Beyond paper: supporting active reading with free form digital ink annotations. Proceedings of CHI '98, pp. 249--256, 1998. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Shih, L. and Karger, D. Using urls and table layout for web classification tasks. Proceedings of the 13th international conference on World Wide Web, pp. 193--202, 2004. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Sibert, J.L., Gokturk, M., and Lavine, R.A. The reading assistant: eye gaze triggered auditory prompting for reading remediation. Proceedings of UIST '00, pp. 101--107, 2000. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Song, R.H., Liu, H.F., Wen, J.R. and Ma, W.Y. Learning Block Importance Models for Web Pages, Proceedings of WWW'04, pp. 203--211, 2004. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Suhit Gupta, Gail Kaiser, David Neistadt and Peter Grimm, DOM-based content extraction of HTML documents, Proceedings of WWW'03, 2003. Google ScholarDigital Library
- TOEFL® Internet-based Test Score Comparison Tables, http://www.ets.org/Media/Tests/TOEFL/pdf/TOEFL_iBT_Score_Comparison_Tables.pdfGoogle Scholar
- Walker, S., Schloss, P., Fletcher, C.R., Vogel, C.A., and Walker, R.C. Visual-Syntactic Text Formatting: A new method to enhance online reading. Reading Online, 8(6), 2005.Google Scholar
- Williams, R. Teaching the recognition of cohesive ties in reading a foreign language. Reading in a Foreign Language, Vol. 1, No., pp. 35--52, 1983.Google Scholar
- William Strunk, Jr. The Elements of Style, Fourth Edition, Longman, 1999.Google Scholar
- Web Developer, https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/60Google Scholar
- Zellweger, P.T., Regli, S.H., Mackinlay, J.D., and Chang, B. The impact of fluid documents on reading and browsing: an observational study. Proceedings of CHI '00, pp. 249--256, 2000. Google ScholarDigital Library
Index Terms
- Enhancing web page readability for non-native readers
Recommendations
Design Guidelines for Web Readability
DIS '17: Proceedings of the 2017 Conference on Designing Interactive SystemsReading is fundamental to interactive-system use, but around 800 million of people might struggle with it due to literacy difficulties. Few websites are designed for high readability, as readability remains an underinvestigated facet of User Experience. ...
Enhancing web page skimmability
CHI EA '12: CHI '12 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing SystemsInformation overload on the Web and limited reading time force users to skim read web pages. For non-native English readers, it is challenging to understand first-hand information written in English under time constraints. Traditional readability ...
Enhancing blog readability for non-native english readers in the enterprise
CHI EA '11: CHI '11 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing SystemsBlogs are an important platform for people to access and share information, particularly in corporate settings where users rely on these systems for their work. However, because a global enterprise is multilingual, not all employees can understand the ...
Comments