Arsenic and Fluoride Contamination

A Pakistan Perspective

verfasst von: Abida Farooqi

Verlag: Springer India

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik"

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Über dieses Buch

This book presents an up-to-the-minute overview of arsenic and fluoride pollution of soil and groundwater in Pakistan. It includes the author’s doctoral dissertation on Lahore as a case study and describes the mechanism of pollution on the basis of the findings in that area. The book highlights the concrete situation in Pakistan – including the severity of the problem, its health effects and the risks posed to the people living in affected areas by these two major pollutants– and points out essential research areas that call for immediate attention. As such, it draws attention to the need for management strategies in the affected areas and offers a valuable reference work on Pakistan for students and researchers alike.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter

Chapter 1. Arsenic and Fluoride Pollution in Water and Soils

Abstract

Water is an essential natural source for sustaining life and environment which we have always thought to be available in abundance and free gift of nature. Natural and anthropogenic pollutants threaten the quality of life through environmental pollution. Rainwater recharged from surface into the underground becomes groundwater. In many parts of the world, groundwater is pumped out of the ground so it can be used as a source of water for drinking, bathing, other household uses, agriculture, and industry. If rain water or surface water comes into contact with contaminated soil while seeping into the ground, it can become polluted and can carry the pollution from the soil to the groundwater.

Abida Farooqi

Chapter 2. Status of As and F− Groundwater and Soil Pollution in Pakistan

Abstract

Arsenic and F⁻ testing of groundwater is considered as an important activity because As and F⁻ are now recognized as the most serious inorganic contaminants in drinking water on a worldwide basis and due to its serious effects on human health (Smedley et al. 2002).

Abida Farooqi

Chapter 3. Mechanism of Arsenic and Fluoride Release: A Case Study from Lahore and Kasur, Punjab Pakistan

A. Study Background and Sampling for Water and Soil Samples

Abstract

Groundwater pollution in Pakistan, Kasur district, was first officially noted in July 2000, when a newspaper reported that residents of Kalalanwala village suffered from a mysterious bone disease (22nd July, 2000 Dawn, Jang, The News). The serious nature of the problem attracted the attention of domestic and international media (The Nation, July 2000). Around 8 years ago the world media including BBC rushed to highlight the cases of bone deformation among children. Some severe cases were brought to hospitals in Lahore city. Some were operated and some treated in the outdoor. The government agencies provided alternate source of water supply.

Abida Farooqi

Chapter 4. Results: Case Study

Abstract

The chemistry and stable isotopic composition of sulfur from a single village Kalalanwala is given in Table 4.1. For convenience in description, groundwater samples are grouped into three categories according to well depth: groundwaters sampled from 24 to 27 m deep wells (shallow groundwater); 60–90 m (middle groundwater); and 165–183 m (deep groundwater).

Abida Farooqi

Chapter 5. Sources of Pollution, Discussion: Case Study

Abstract

Although As and F⁻ polluted groundwaters are well known to occur naturally in many parts of the world, the present study shows the significant contribution of anthropogenic sources for these elements in association with SO₄ ²⁻ and NO₃ in the studied groundwaters. In present study area the average concentration of soil As is 10 mg/kg which is comparably higher than the soils unaffected by human activities (Wauchope 1983; Shacklette and Boerngen 1984).

Abida Farooqi

Chapter 6. Arsenic Health Risk Assessment

Abstract

A health risk assessment model derived from the USEPA (Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): arsenic CASRN 7440-38-2, 1998) was applied to compute the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic effects to individuals who consume groundwater as their drinking water source.

Abida Farooqi

Chapter 7. Remedies of Arsenic Problem and Environmental Legislation in Pakistan Regarding Arsenic

Abstract

Worldwide huge number of technologies are available for arsenic removal from arsenic-contaminated water. Some of these technologies include pre-oxidation of arsenic(III) to arsenic(V) by the use of different oxidants, as As(V) has high adsorbance capacity and reacts more strongly than As(III) (Ahmed et al. 2001).

Abida Farooqi

Titel: Arsenic and Fluoride Contamination
verfasst von: Abida Farooqi
Verlag: Springer India
Electronic ISBN: 978-81-322-2298-9
Print ISBN: 978-81-322-2297-2
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2298-9