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Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy

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18.03.2023 | Original Paper

Comprehensive energy and economic transient analysis of an off-grid hydrogen car-integrated zero energy building

verfasst von: Sajad Maleki Dastjerdi, Milad Arzani

Erschienen in: Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy | Ausgabe 7/2023

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Abstract

In this study, for the first time, an off-grid zero-energy building with hydrogen energy storage integrated with two hydrogen cars is simulated and analyzed transiently. Regarding the novelties, for the first time, two types of wind turbines are compared as an energy supplier of the building, and all human living requirements are considered. Therefore, the study can fill in the gap of a comprehensive analysis of such off-grid hydrogen-integrated zero energy building by considering two types of wind turbines as its energy supplier. The mentioned wind turbines are compared in terms of total capital cost, and the cheapest one is specified. The fuel consumption of two typical hydrogen cars is considered. An occupant’s thermal comfort level and domestic hot water usage are considered. Trnsys software is employed to examine the building's annual transient performance. Electrical split heat pumps and humidifiers are used to keep the residents warm. A solar collector heats a hot water storage tank for residential water heating. When renewable energy sources are unavailable, energy is stored and used through a hydrogen energy system. This way, electricity will be transformed by utilizing an alkaline electrolyzer into hydrogen and stored in a tank. Using fuel cells, stored hydrogen converts to electricity. Waste heat from fuel cells and electrolyzers is also an additional heating source for a hot water storage tank. Results demonstrate that five vertical-axis or seven horizontal-axis wind turbines are required to supply the energy needs of a typical 150 m² building in Boston. Both of them have 2 kW rated power. The cheapest case is horizontal-axis wind turbines. The given number of wind turbines meets the building's energy requirements for two hydrogen cars. The monthly expected discontent percentage is below 9% when using a suitable split electrical heat pump and humidifier, and the predicted mean vote is in the range of − 0.4 and 0.4. An evacuated tube solar collector can meet four building residents' hot water needs. Typical buildings can be transformed into off-grid zero energy for windy cities like Boston by mounting all required energy suppliers, including solar collectors and wind turbines, on the rooftop.

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Titel: Comprehensive energy and economic transient analysis of an off-grid hydrogen car-integrated zero energy building
verfasst von: Sajad Maleki Dastjerdi
Milad Arzani
Publikationsdatum: 18.03.2023
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in: Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy / Ausgabe 7/2023
Print ISSN: 1618-954X
Elektronische ISSN: 1618-9558
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-023-02499-y

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