From waste to wealth: exploring modern composting innovations and compost valorization

The concept of recycling organic matter and waste nutrients back to agricultural land through the process of composting adheres to the basic principle of the circular economy. The studies on composting systems have laid a solid foundation for biodegradable solid waste management, and there are still significant gaps that require attention in future research. Addressing these gaps will lead to a more comprehensive understanding of composting processes, improved compost quality, and sustainable waste management practices with greater benefits for agriculture and the environment. The transition to a blended centralized and decentralized waste management system necessitates the conception of an adaptable system for waste management with higher quality compost production. Furthermore, countless agro-industrial products have emerged during this transition phase including commercial fertilizers, nitrogen fortifiers, phosphocompost, biofertilizers, compost tea, and compost biofilters that use compost as a base. The agro-industries might be engaged to participate in research and development in the forthcoming time to develop compost-based commodities. The current systematic study takes into account the long-term sustainability of composting systems harnessing compost valorization. In addition, this review highlights the various agro-industrial commodities that researchers should be concentrated on.