skip to main content
10.1145/1460563.1460641acmconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagescscwConference Proceedingsconference-collections
research-article

Towards a model of understanding social search

Published:08 November 2008Publication History

ABSTRACT

Search engine researchers typically depict search as the solitary activity of an individual searcher. In contrast, results from our critical-incident survey of 150 users on Amazon's Mechanical Turk service suggest that social interactions play an important role throughout the search process. Our main contribution is that we have integrated models from previous work in sensemaking and information seeking behavior to present a canonical social model of user activities before, during, and after search, suggesting where in the search process both explicitly and implicitly shared information may be valuable to individual searchers.

References

  1. S. Amershi and M. R. Morris. CoSearch: A system for colocated collaborative web search. In Proc. CHI'08, ACM Press, pages 1647--1656, 2008. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  2. M. Bates. Toward an integrated model of information seeking and searching. In The 4th Int'l Conf. on Information Needs, Seeking and Use in Different Contexts (Keynote address), September 11--13 2002.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  3. A. Broder. A taxonomy of web search. In ACM SIGIR Forum, pages 3--10, 2002. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  4. J. Castillo, H. R. Hartson, and D. Hix. Remote usability evaluation: Can users report their own critical incidents. In Proc. CHI'98, ACM Press, pages 253--254, 1998. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  5. L. D. Catledge and J. E. Pitkow. Characterizing browsing strategies in the World-Wide Web. Computer Networks and ISDN Systems, 27(6):1065--1073, 1995. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  6. C. W. Choo, B. Detlor, and D. Turnbull. Information seeking on the web: An integrated model of browsing and searching. In Proc. ASIS'99, ACM Press, pages 3--16, 1999.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  7. A. Cockburn and S. Jones. Which way now? Analysing and easing inadequacies in WWW navigation. International Journal of Human Computer Studies, 45:105--129, 1996. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  8. D. Ellis. A behavioural model for information retrieval system design. Journal of Information Science, 15(4/5):237--247, 1989. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  9. B. M. Evans and S. K. Card. Augmented information assimilation: Social and algorithmic web aids for the information long tail. In Proc. CHI'08, ACM Press, pages 989--998, 2008. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  10. J. Flanagan. The critical incident technique. Psychological Bulletin, 51:327--358, 1954.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  11. E. A. Fox, D. Hix, L. T. Nowell, D. J. Brueni, W. C. Wake, L. S. Heath, and D. Rao. Users, user interfaces, and objects--envison, a digital library. JASIS, 44(8):480--491, 1993. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  12. G. W. Furnas, T. K. Landauer, L. M. Gomez, and S. T. Dumais. The vocabulary problem in human-system communication. Commun. ACM, 30(11):964--971, 1987. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  13. N. S. Glance. Community search assistant. In Proc. Intelligent User Interfaces, pages 91--96, 2001. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  14. D. Goldberg, D. Nichols, B. M. Oki, and D. Terry. Using collaborative filtering to weave an information tapestry. Commun. ACM, 35(12):61--70, 1992. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  15. P. Heymann, G. Koutrika, and H. Garcia-Molina. Can social bookmarking improve web search? In Proc. WSDM'08, ACM Press, pages 195--206, 2008. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  16. P. I. Hofgesang. Web personalisation through incremental individual profiling and support-based user segmentation. In Proc. IEEE'07, ACM Press, pages 111--120, 2007. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  17. L. Hong, E. H. Chi, R. Budiu, P. Pirolli, and L. Nelson. Spartag.us: a low cost tagging system for foraging of web content. In Proc AVI '08: ACM Press, pages 65--72, 2008. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  18. W. Jones and J. Teevan. Personal Information Management. University of Washington Press, Seattle, 2007.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  19. A. Kittur, E. H. Chi, and B. Suh. Crowdsourcing user studies with Mechanical Turk. In Proc. CHI'08, ACM Press, pages 453--456, 2008. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  20. J. A. Konstan, B. N. Miller, D. Maltz, J. L. Herlocker, L. R. Gordon, and J. Riedl. GroupLens: Applying collaborative filtering to Usenet news. Commun. ACM, 40(3):77--87, 1997. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  21. C. C. Kuhlthau. Inside the search process: Information seeking from the user's perspective. JASIS, 42(5):361--371, 1991.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  22. K. J. Lee. What goes around comes around: An analysis of del.icio.us as social space. In Proc. CSCW'06, ACM Press, pages 191--194, 2006. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  23. G. Marchionini. Information Seeking in Electronic Environments. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1995. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  24. D. R. Millen, J. Feinberg, and B. Kerr. Dogear: Social bookmarking in the enterprise. In Proc. CHI'06, ACM Press, pages 111--120, 2006. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  25. M. Morris. A survey of collaborative web search practices. In Proc. CHI'08, ACM Press, pages 1657--1660, 2008. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  26. M. R. Morris and E. Horvitz. SearchTogether: An interface for collaborative web search. In Proc. UIST'07, ACM Press, pages 3--12, 2007. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  27. P. Pirolli and S. K. Card. Information foraging. Psychological Review, 106:643--675, 1999.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  28. P. Pirolli and S. K. Card. The sensemaking process and leverage points for analyst technology as identified through cognitive task analysis. In Proc. Int'l Conf. on Intelligence Analysis'05, pages 2--4, 2005.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  29. T. Rodden. A survey of CSCW systems. Interacting with Computers, 3(3):319--354, 1991.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  30. D. M. Russell, M. J. Stefik, P. Pirolli, and S. K. Card. The cost structure of sensemaking. In Proc. CHI'93, ACM Press, pages 269--276, 1993. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  31. J. Shepherd. The Information Needs and Information Seeking Behaviour of Polytechnic History Lecturers. British Library, London, 1983.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  32. B. Smyth. A community-based approach to personalizing web search. Computer, 40(8):42--50, 2007. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  33. R. S. Taylor. Question-negotiation and information seeking in libraries. College & Research Libraries, 29(3):178--194, 1968.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  34. M. B. Twidale, D. M. Nichols, and C. D. Paice. Browsing is a collaborative process. Information Processing and Management, 33(6):761--783, 1997. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  35. T. Wilson. On user studies and information needs. Journal of Documentation, 37(1):3--15, 1981.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  36. Y. Yanbe, A. Jatowt, S. Nakamura, and K. Tanaka. Can social bookmarking enhance search in the web? In Proc. JCDL'07, ACM Press, pages 107--116, 2007. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library

Index Terms

  1. Towards a model of understanding social search

        Recommendations

        Comments

        Login options

        Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

        Sign in
        • Published in

          cover image ACM Conferences
          CSCW '08: Proceedings of the 2008 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
          November 2008
          752 pages
          ISBN:9781605580074
          DOI:10.1145/1460563

          Copyright © 2008 ACM

          Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

          Publisher

          Association for Computing Machinery

          New York, NY, United States

          Publication History

          • Published: 8 November 2008

          Permissions

          Request permissions about this article.

          Request Permissions

          Check for updates

          Qualifiers

          • research-article

          Acceptance Rates

          Overall Acceptance Rate2,235of8,521submissions,26%

          Upcoming Conference

          CSCW '24

        PDF Format

        View or Download as a PDF file.

        PDF

        eReader

        View online with eReader.

        eReader