skip to main content
research-article

Composite control of physically simulated characters

Published:19 May 2011Publication History
Skip Abstract Section

Abstract

A physics-based control system that tracks a single motion trajectory produces high-quality animations, but does not recover from large disturbances that require deviating from this tracked trajectory. In order to enhance the responsiveness of physically simulated characters, we introduce algorithms that construct composite controllers that track multiple trajectories in parallel instead of sequentially switching from one control to the other. The composite controllers can blend or transition between different path controllers at arbitrary times according to the current system state. As a result, a composite control system generates both high-quality animations and natural responses to certain disturbances. We demonstrate its potential for improving robustness in performing several locomotion tasks. Then we consolidate these controllers into graphs that allow us to direct the character in real time.

Skip Supplemental Material Section

Supplemental Material

tp052_11.mp4

mp4

20.4 MB

References

  1. Burridge, R. R., Rizzi, A. A., and Koditschek, D. E. 1999. Sequential composition of dynamically desterous robot behaviours. Int. J. of Robot. Res. 18, 6, 534--555.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  2. Coros, S., Beaudoin, P., and van de Panne, M. 2009. Robust task-based control policies for physics-based Characters. ACM Trans. Graph. 28, 5. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  3. Coros, S., Beaudoin, P., Yin, K., and van de Panne, M. 2008. Synthesis of constrained walking skills. ACM Trans. Graph. 27, 5, 113:1--113:9. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  4. da Silva, M., Abe, Y., and Popović, J. 2008. Interactive simulation of stylized human locomotion. ACM Trans. Graph. 27, 3, 82:1--82:10. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  5. da Silva, M., Durand, F., and Popović, J. 2009. Linear bellman combination for control of character animation. ACM Trans. Graph. 28, 3, 82:1--82:10. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  6. Erez, T. and Smart, W. 2007. Bipedal walking on rough terrain using manifold control. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS). 1539--1544.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  7. Faloutsos, P., van de Panne, M., and Terzopoulos, D. 2001. Composable controllers for physics-based character animation. In Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH. Annual Conference Series. 251--260. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  8. Fleming, W. H. 1978. Exit probabilities and optimal stochastic control. Appl. Math. Optimiz. 4, 329--346.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  9. Hodgins, J. K. and Pollard, N. S. 1997. Adapting simulated behaviors for new characters. In Proceedings of SIGGRAPH. Annual Conference Series. 153--162. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  10. Hodgins, J. K., Wooten, W. L., Brogan, D. C., and O'Brien, J. F. 1995. Animating human athletics. In Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH. Annual Conference Series. 71--78. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  11. Holland, C. 1977. A new energy characterization of the smallest eigenvalue to the schrödinger equation. Comm. Pure Appl. Math. 30, 755--765.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  12. Laszlo, J. F., van de Panne, M., and Fiume, E. L. 1996. Limit cycle control and its application to the animation of balancing and walking. In Proceedings of SIGGRAPH. Annual Conference Series. 155--162. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  13. Lee, Y., Kim, S., and Lee, J. 2010. Data-Driven biped control. ACM Trans. Graph. 29, 4. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  14. Muico, U., Lee, Y., Popović, J., and Popović, Z. 2009. Contact-aware nonlinear control of dynamic characters. ACM Trans. Graph. 28, 3, 81:1--81:9. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  15. Pollard, N. S. and Behmaram-Mosavat, F. 2000. Force-Based motion editing for locomotion tasks. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA). 663--669.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  16. Raibert, M., Blankespoor, K., Nelson, G., and Playter, R. 2008. Bigdog, the rough-terrain quadruped robot. In Proceedings of the International Federation of Automatic Control.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  17. Raibert, M. H. and Hodgins, J. K. 1991. Animation of dynamic legged locomotion. In Proceedings of SIGGRAPH. Annual Conference Series. 349--358. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  18. Schittkowski, K. 2005. QL: A Fortran Code for Convex Quadratic Programming -- User's Guide Version 2.11. Department of Mathematics, University of Bayreuth.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  19. Sok, K. W., Kim, M., and Lee, J. 2007. Simulating biped behaviors from human motion data. ACM Trans. Graph. 26, 3, 107:1--107:9. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  20. Todorov, E. 2009a. Compositionality of optimal control laws. In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS). Vol. 22. 1856--1864.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  21. Todorov, E. 2009b. Efficient computation of optimal actions. In Proceedings of the National Acad. Sci. 106, 11478--11483.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  22. Wooten, W. L. and Hodgins, J. K. 2000. Simulating leaping, tumbling, landing and balancing humans. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), 656--662.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  23. Ye, Y. and Liu, C. K. 2010. Optimal feedback control for character animation using an abstract model. ACM Trans. Graph. 29, 4. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  24. Yin, K., Coros, S., Beaudoin, P., and van de Panne, M. 2008. Continuation methods for adapting simulated skills. ACM Trans. Graph. 27, 3, 81:1--81:7. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  25. Yin, K., Loken, K., and van de Panne, M. 2007. SIMBICON: Simple biped locomotion control. In Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH: ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 Papers. 105. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  26. Zordan, V. B. and Hodgins, J. K. 2002. Motion capture-driven simulations that hit and react. In Proceedings of the Symposium on Computer Animation (SCA). 89--96. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library

Index Terms

  1. Composite control of physically simulated characters

    Recommendations

    Comments

    Login options

    Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

    Sign in

    Full Access

    • Published in

      cover image ACM Transactions on Graphics
      ACM Transactions on Graphics  Volume 30, Issue 3
      May 2011
      127 pages
      ISSN:0730-0301
      EISSN:1557-7368
      DOI:10.1145/1966394
      Issue’s Table of Contents

      Copyright © 2011 ACM

      Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

      Publisher

      Association for Computing Machinery

      New York, NY, United States

      Publication History

      • Published: 19 May 2011
      • Accepted: 1 January 2011
      • Received: 1 December 2010
      Published in tog Volume 30, Issue 3

      Permissions

      Request permissions about this article.

      Request Permissions

      Check for updates

      Qualifiers

      • research-article
      • Research
      • Refereed

    PDF Format

    View or Download as a PDF file.

    PDF

    eReader

    View online with eReader.

    eReader