SIGGRAPH

This paper describes a novel system for creating virtual creatures that move and behave in simulated three-dimensional physical worlds. The morphologies of creatures and the neural systems for controlling their muscle forces are both generated ...

A new algorithm for computing contact forces between solid objects with friction is presented. The algorithm allows a mix of contact points with static and dynamic friction. In contrast to previous approaches, the problem of computing contact forces is ...

Specifying the motion of an animated linked figure such that it achieves given tasks (e.g., throwing a ball into a basket) and performs the tasks in a realistic fashion (e.g., gracefully, and following physical laws such as gravity) has been an elusive ...

This paper proposes a framework for animation that can achieve the intricacy of motion evident in certain natural ecosystems with minimal input from the animator. The realistic appearance, movement, and behavior of individual animals, as well as the ...

In this paper we discuss the efficient and accurate incorporation of texture maps into a hierarchical Galerkin radiosity algorithm. This extension of the standard algorithm allows the use of textures to describe complex reflectance and emittance ...

In previous work, we presented an algorithm to accelerate z-buffer rendering of enormously complex scenes. Here, we extend the approach to antialiased rendering with an algorithm that guarantees that each pixel of the output image is within a user-...

We present a method for determining a posteriori bounds and estimates for local and total errors in radiosity solutions. The ability to obtain bounds and estimates for the total error is crucial fro reliably judging the acceptability of a solution. ...

In this paper we identify sources of error in global illumination algorithms and derive bounds for each distinct category. Errors arise from three sources: inaccuracies in the boundary data, discretization, and computation. Boundary data consists of ...

We describe a representation for multiresolution images—images that have different resolutions in different places—and methods for creating such images using painting and compositing operations. These methods are very easy to implement, and they are ...

This paper describes the principles of traditional pen-and-ink illustration, and shows how a great number of them can be implemented as part of an automated rendering system. It introduces “stroke textures,” which can be used for achieving both texture ...

We present an interactive system for creating pen-and-ink illustrations. The system uses stroke textures—collections of strokes arranged in different patterns—to generate texture and tone. The user “paints” with a desired stroke texture to achieve a ...

The use of skeletal strokes is a new vector graphics realization of the brush and stroke metaphor using arbitrary pictures as “ink”. It is based on an idealized 2D deformation model defined by an arbitrary path. Its expressiveness as a general brush ...

This paper describes efficient algorithms for the placement and distortion of textures. The textures include surface color maps and environment maps. Affine transformations of a texture, as well as localized warps, are used to align features in the ...

Rotated dispersed-dot dither is proposed as a new dither technique for digital halftoning. It is based on the discrete one-to-one rotation of a Bayer dispersed-dot dither array. Discrete rotation has the effect of rotating and splitting a significant ...

Monte Carlo techniques for image synthesis are simple and powerful, but they are prone to noise from inadequate sampling. This paper describes a class of non-linear filters that remove sampling noise in synthetic images without removing salient ...

We describe a data visualization system based on spreadsheets. Cells in our spreadsheet contain graphical objects such as images, volumes, or movies. Cells may also contain widgets such as buttons, sliders, or curve editors. Objects are displayed in ...

As common as imaging operations are, the literature contains little about how to build systems for image computation. This paper presents a system which addresses the major issues of image computing. The system includes an algorithm for performing ...

Virtual reality systems are placing never before seen demands on computer graphics hardware, yet few graphics systems are designed specifically for virtural reality. An address recalculation pipeline is a graphics display controller specifically ...

Surface reflections of an environment can be rendered in real time if hardware calculates an unnormalized reflection vector at each pixel. Conventional perspective-correct texture hardware can then be leveraged to draw high-quality reflections of an ...

FBRAM, a new form of dynamic random access memory that greatly accelerates the rendering of Z-buffered primitives, is presented. Two key concepts make this acceleration possible. The first is to convert the read-modify-write Z-buffer compare and RGBα ...

The use of double-buffered displays, in which the previous image is displayed until the next image is complete, can impair the interactivity of systems that require tight coupling between the human user and the computer. We are experimenting with an ...

This paper describes algorithms for implementing accurate rendering of CSG and transparency in a hardware 3D accelerator. The algorithms are based on a hardware architecture which performs front-to-back Z-sorted shading; a multiple-pass algorithm which ...

Recent developments in video-tracking allow the outlines of moving, natural objects in a video-camera input stream to be tracked live, at full video-rate. Previous systems have been available to do this for specially illuminated objects or for naturally ...

This paper describes a methodology for using the matrix-vector multiply and scan conversion hardware present in many graphics workstations to rapidly approximate the optical flow in a scene. The optical flow is a 2-dimensional vector field describing ...

In Augmented Reality, see-through HMDs superimpose virtual 3D objects on the real world. This technology has the potential to enhance a user's perception and interaction with the real world. However, many Augmented Reality applications will not be ...

An anatomically detailed 3-D computer graphic model of the eye and surrounding face within a virtual environment has been implemented for use in a surgical simulator. The simulator forms part of a teleoperated micro-surgical robotic system being ...

A wavelength based bidirectional reflectance function is developed for use in realistic image synthesis. A geodesic sphere is employed to represent the BRDF, and a novel data structure is used to store this description and to recall it for rendering ...

In this work we render non-opaque anisotropic media. A mathematical formalism is described in which polarization effects resulting from light/material interactions are represented as transformation matrices.

When applying the matrices a skewing is ...

The fast identification of shadow regions due to area light sources is necessary for realistic rendering and for discontinuity meshing for global illumination. A new shadow-determination algorithm is presented that uses a data structure, called a ...

This paper describes a fast, practical algorithm to compute the shadow boundaries in a polyhedral scene illuminated by a polygonal light source. The shadow boundaries divide the faces of the scene into regions such that the structure or “aspect” of the ...