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2021 | Book

Introduction Read chapter Read first chapter

21st Century Maritime Silk Road: Wind Energy Resource Evaluation

Authors: Dr. Chongwei Zheng, Assoc. Prof. Hui Song, Fang Liang, Yi-peng Jin, Dong-yu Wang, Yu-chi Tian

Publisher: Springer Singapore

Book Series : Springer Oceanography

Part of: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik"

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About this book

This book aims to establish a wind energy evaluation system, to provide scientific reference for site selection, daily operation and long-term planning of wind power generation, thus to make contribution to breaking the shackles of power shortage. Firstly, it presents the advantages and disadvantages of offshore wind power, then further discusses about the status quo and challenges for wind power programs along the Maritime Silk Road and offer suggestions. A wind energy evaluation system was proposed with the Maritime Silk Road as a case study, including climatic features of wind power (temporal-spatial distribution), long-term climatic trend and mechanism, short-term forecast of wind energy, mid- and long-term projection of wind energy, technology of wind energy evaluation on key point or vital region and offshore wind energy dataset construction, to provide systematic and scientific reference for wind power evaluation and utilization.

This book is one of the series of publications on 21st century Maritime Silk Road (shortened as “Maritime Silk Road”). It covers the characteristics of the marine environment and marine renewable energy, remote islands and reefs construction, climate change, early warning of wave disasters, legal escort, marine environment and energy big data construction, etc., contributing to the safe and efficient construction of the Maritime Silk Road. It aims to improve our knowledge of the ocean, thus, to improve the capacity for marine construction, enhance the viability of remote islands and reefs, ease the energy crisis and protect the ecological environment, improve the quality of life of residents along the Maritime Silk Road, and protect the rights, interests of the countries and regions participating in the construction of the Maritime Silk Road. It is a valuable reference for decision-makers, researchers, and marine engineers working in the related fields.

Table of Contents

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Introduction
Abstract
A community with a shared future for mankind has been advocated by China with pragmatic development initiatives, one of which would be the Maritime Silk Road. It is a major step forward, an initiative that could not only benefit people along the Road, but also a blue belt that links the Chinese dream with the global one. The overall fragile power supply along the Road has been a barrier to the building of the Maritime Silk Road. The total power consumption along the Belt and Road Initiative is only 61% of the world’s average amount. The key to effectively building the Maritime Silk Road is to solve the electricity crisis. The offshore wind energy, large in amount, wide in distribution and available under all conditions, can provide strong power support to the building of the Maritime Silk Road, as well as good opportunity for international exchange and cooperation and an antidote to climate change and conventional energy shortage. At the same time, the offshore wind energy will also provide important support for mankind to achieve the carbon neutrality target. The basic principles for massive wind power development is “evaluation of resources and planning go first”. The chapter mainly discusses the energy crisis and electricity requirement of the Maritime Silk Road, the advantage and disadvantage of offshore wind energy resources.
Chongwei Zheng, Hui Song, Fang Liang, Yi-peng Jin, Dong-yu Wang, Yu-chi Tian
Chapter 2. Research Status, Difficulties and Countermeasures of Offshore Wind Energy Evaluation of the Maritime Silk Road
Abstract
The offshore wind energy can provide strong power support to overcome the energy crisis, as well as good opportunity for international exchange and cooperation, an antidote to climate change and conventional energy shortage, and important support to achieve the carbon neutrality target. Evaluation of resources and planning should go first. However, such evaluations are still relatively few owing to the difficulties faced by marine observation and shortage of research resources, which has been a barrier to developing offshore wind power into a bigger scale as an industry. Firstly, this chapter discussed the research status and difficulties (detail research on the climatic characteristics of wind energy, macro and micro-scale energy classification, relationship between wind energy and key indexes, short-term forecast of wind energy, climatic variation of wind energy, mid-long term projection of wind energy, energy evaluation on key nodes). Then the countermeasures to deal with the difficulties are provided.
Chongwei Zheng, Hui Song, Fang Liang, Yi-peng Jin, Dong-yu Wang, Yu-chi Tian
Chapter 3. Climatic Temporal-Spatial Distribution of Offshore Wind Energy in the Maritime Silk Road
Abstract
At home and abroad, this chapter carries out the first detailed investigation on the climate characteristics of wind energy resource along the Maritime Silk Road. A series of key parameters are defined: availability of wind energy (effective wind speed occurrence, EWSO), available level occurrence (ALO, occurrence of WPD greater than 100 W/m2) moderate level occurrence (MLO, occurrence of WPD greater than 150 W/m2) rich level occurrence (RLO, occurrence of WPD greater than 200 W/m2) excellent level occurrence (ELO, occurrence of WPD greater than 300 W/m2) superb level occurrence (SLO, occurrence of WPD greater than 400 W/m2), to describe the availability and richness of wind energy. Systematically considering the wind power density, energy availability, energy level occurrences, energy stability, monthly and seasonal variability of wind energy, energy storage, the temporal-spatial distribution characteristics of wind energy along the Maritime Silk Road are analyzed, to provide theoretical support for the energy classification, short-term forecast and long-term projection of wind energy.
Chongwei Zheng, Hui Song, Fang Liang, Yi-peng Jin, Dong-yu Wang, Yu-chi Tian
Chapter 4. Climatic Trend of Offshore Wind Energy in the Maritime Silk Road
Abstract
Currently, the studies on the wind power along the Road area are still scarce, let alone those on its climatic trends. However, these studies are the theoretical basis which is crucial to improving the accuracy of the mid- and long-term forecast and could further impact the mid- and long-term planning of wind power exploitation. Besides, nowadays there is abundant research on the evolution trends of the meteorology and ocean, but little on that of the wind power. In this chapter, the annual trend, and regional and seasonal difference of the trends of a series of key indicators of wind energy resource are calculated and analyzed for the first time, to provide a theoretical foundation for the improvement of medium – and long-term projection capacity for wind energy projection.
Chongwei Zheng, Hui Song, Fang Liang, Yi-peng Jin, Dong-yu Wang, Yu-chi Tian
Chapter 5. An All-Elements Short-Term Forecasting of Offshore Wind Energy Resource
Abstract
The short-term wind power forecasting is closely linked to the collection and transformation of resources and their applications such as unit scheduling and power trading. Previous researchers have done tremendous work on the short-term forecasting of offshore wind power across the globe. However, there are no such studies specifically targeting the countries and regions along the Maritime Silk Road. Besides, current forecasting products mainly focuses on parameters such as wind speed and density while key indicators like usability, ELO, and storage amount have not been covered. In this chapter, an all-element short-term forecasting system of offshore wind energy resource was designed, comprehensively including the wind field, wind power density, energy availability, energy level occurrences, energy storage, etc., as well as the forecasting of wind energy of key nodes (hourly wind power density and wind direction, wind energy rose, etc.), to provide reference for the daily operation of wind power generation and so on.
Chongwei Zheng, Hui Song, Fang Liang, Yi-peng Jin, Dong-yu Wang, Yu-chi Tian
Chapter 6. An All-Elements Long-Term Projection of Offshore Wind Energy in the Maritime Silk Road
Abstract
The research on medium and long-term forecasting of wind energy is still extremely scarce until now, although this work is closely related to the medium and long-term planning of wind energy development and power dispatching. This chapter used the CMIP data to carry out the long-term wind energy projection along the Maritime Silk Road for the next 40 years, which includes a series of key indicators, such as: the wind power density, energy availability, energy level occurrences, energy stability, monthly and seasonal variability, energy storage for the next 40 years, to provide reference for the long-term planning of wind energy utilization.
Chongwei Zheng, Hui Song, Fang Liang, Yi-peng Jin, Dong-yu Wang, Yu-chi Tian
Chapter 7. Offshore Wind Energy Evaluation in the Sri Lankan Waters
Abstract
Sri Lanka is located near the center of the main channel of the Indian Ocean. It is also an important place for the Maritime Silk Road initiative. This chapter carried out a technology of offshore wind energy evaluation on key island or vital region, with the Sri Lankan waters as a case study. Systematically considering the wind power density, energy availability, energy level occurrences, energy direction (co-occurrence of wind power density-wind direction), climatic variation of wind energy, wind class, the wind energy of Sri Lankan waters for the future and for the past are analyzed and compared, to provide reference for the long-term planning of wind energy development and technical approach for the mid-long term projection of wind energy resource.
Chongwei Zheng, Hui Song, Fang Liang, Yi-peng Jin, Dong-yu Wang, Yu-chi Tian
Chapter 8. Construction of Temporal-Spatial Characteristics Dataset of Offshore Wind Energy Resource
Abstract
Currently, the marine and meteorological raw data are relatively abundant. However, the offshore wind energy data is scarce. How to extracted the useful information about wind energy development from the original big data with large volume and low information density, and then building a wind energy resource dataset has become the key support to the industrialization and efficient deployment of wind energy. It is also a common challenge for global colleague. In this chapter, the first open-ended and non-profit dataset of spatial-temporal characteristics of wind energy resource for the Maritime Silk Road at home and abroad was established, to provide scientific reference and data support for offshore wind energy resource evaluation. A wind energy resource, which should include the temporal-spatial characteristics, energy classification, climatic variation of wind energy, long-term projection of wind energy, wind climate, etc., was prospected to be established to provide a systematic data support for power plant site selection, daily operation, long-term planning, environmental safety guarantee for resource development.
Chongwei Zheng, Hui Song, Fang Liang, Yi-peng Jin, Dong-yu Wang, Yu-chi Tian
Metadata
Title
21st Century Maritime Silk Road: Wind Energy Resource Evaluation
Authors
Dr. Chongwei Zheng
Assoc. Prof. Hui Song
Fang Liang
Yi-peng Jin
Dong-yu Wang
Yu-chi Tian
Copyright Year
2021
Publisher
Springer Singapore
Electronic ISBN
978-981-16-4111-4
Print ISBN
978-981-16-4110-7
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4111-4