Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Tribology Letters 2/2022

01-06-2022 | Original Paper

A Boundary Lubrication Model and Experimental Study Considering ZDDP Tribofilms on Reciprocating Friction Pairs

Authors: Bugao Lyu, Limin Zhang, Xianghui Meng, Chengen Wang

Published in: Tribology Letters | Issue 2/2022

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Boundary lubrication state may dominate the friction pairs operating under severe conditions, yet its mechanism is not clearly understood and related numerical models are still lacking. A boundary lubrication model considering zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) tribofilms, which impact friction and wear performances, was developed in this study. A series of reciprocating experiments were conducted to verify this model and also to investigate the effects of the tribofilm on friction and wear under various temperatures and loads. Moreover, the experimental data were employed to modify the tribofilm removal equation, which enabled the present boundary lubrication model to be applied under a wide range of loads. The results showed that the friction force and wear depth both decline with the increasing lubricant temperature due to thicker tribofilms formed. As the load becomes heavier, the wear depth keeps increasing, while the tribofilm thickness first increases then decreases.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literature
1.
go back to reference Zhang, J., Meng, Y.: Boundary lubrication by adsorption film. Friction 3, 115–147 (2015)CrossRef Zhang, J., Meng, Y.: Boundary lubrication by adsorption film. Friction 3, 115–147 (2015)CrossRef
2.
go back to reference Lyu, B., Meng, X., Zhang, R., Wen, C.: A deterministic contact evolution and scuffing failure analysis considering lubrication deterioration due to temperature rise under heavy loads. Eng. Fail. Anal. 123, 105276 (2021)CrossRef Lyu, B., Meng, X., Zhang, R., Wen, C.: A deterministic contact evolution and scuffing failure analysis considering lubrication deterioration due to temperature rise under heavy loads. Eng. Fail. Anal. 123, 105276 (2021)CrossRef
3.
go back to reference Spikes, H.: The history and mechanisms of ZDDP. Tribol. Lett. 17, 469–489 (2004)CrossRef Spikes, H.: The history and mechanisms of ZDDP. Tribol. Lett. 17, 469–489 (2004)CrossRef
4.
go back to reference Zhang, J., Spikes, H.: On the mechanism of ZDDP antiwear film formation. Tribol. Lett. 63, 1–15 (2016)CrossRef Zhang, J., Spikes, H.: On the mechanism of ZDDP antiwear film formation. Tribol. Lett. 63, 1–15 (2016)CrossRef
5.
go back to reference Fujita, H., Spikes, H.A.: The formation of zinc dithiophosphate antiwear films. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. J: J. Eng. Trib. 218, 265–278 (2004)CrossRef Fujita, H., Spikes, H.A.: The formation of zinc dithiophosphate antiwear films. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. J: J. Eng. Trib. 218, 265–278 (2004)CrossRef
6.
go back to reference Westerfield, C., Agnew, S.: IR study of the chemistry of boundary lubrication with high temperature and high pressure shear. Wear 181, 805–809 (1995)CrossRef Westerfield, C., Agnew, S.: IR study of the chemistry of boundary lubrication with high temperature and high pressure shear. Wear 181, 805–809 (1995)CrossRef
7.
go back to reference Gosvami, N., Bares, J., Mangolini, F., Konicek, A., Yablon, D., Carpick, R.: Mechanisms of antiwear tribofilm growth revealed in situ by single-asperity sliding contacts. Science 348, 102–106 (2015)CrossRef Gosvami, N., Bares, J., Mangolini, F., Konicek, A., Yablon, D., Carpick, R.: Mechanisms of antiwear tribofilm growth revealed in situ by single-asperity sliding contacts. Science 348, 102–106 (2015)CrossRef
8.
go back to reference Zhang, J., Ewen, J.P., Ueda, M., Wong, J.S., Spikes, H.A.: Mechanochemistry of zinc dialkyldithiophosphate on steel surfaces under elastohydrodynamic lubrication conditions. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 12, 6662–6676 (2020)CrossRef Zhang, J., Ewen, J.P., Ueda, M., Wong, J.S., Spikes, H.A.: Mechanochemistry of zinc dialkyldithiophosphate on steel surfaces under elastohydrodynamic lubrication conditions. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 12, 6662–6676 (2020)CrossRef
9.
go back to reference Zhang, J., Ueda, M., Campen, S., Spikes, H.: Boundary friction of ZDDP tribofilms. Tribol. Lett. 69, 1–17 (2021) Zhang, J., Ueda, M., Campen, S., Spikes, H.: Boundary friction of ZDDP tribofilms. Tribol. Lett. 69, 1–17 (2021)
10.
go back to reference Pagkalis, K., Spikes, H., Jelita Rydel, J., Ingram, M., Kadiric, A.: The influence of steel composition on the formation and effectiveness of anti-wear films in tribological contacts. Tribol. Lett. 69, 75 (2021)CrossRef Pagkalis, K., Spikes, H., Jelita Rydel, J., Ingram, M., Kadiric, A.: The influence of steel composition on the formation and effectiveness of anti-wear films in tribological contacts. Tribol. Lett. 69, 75 (2021)CrossRef
11.
go back to reference Ueda, M., Spikes, H., Kadiric, A.: In-situ observations of the effect of the ZDDP tribofilm growth on micropitting. Tribol. Int. 138, 342–352 (2019)CrossRef Ueda, M., Spikes, H., Kadiric, A.: In-situ observations of the effect of the ZDDP tribofilm growth on micropitting. Tribol. Int. 138, 342–352 (2019)CrossRef
12.
go back to reference Kontou, A., Taylor, R.I., Spikes, H.A.: Effects of dispersant and ZDDP additives on fretting wear. Tribol. Lett. 69, 6 (2020)CrossRef Kontou, A., Taylor, R.I., Spikes, H.A.: Effects of dispersant and ZDDP additives on fretting wear. Tribol. Lett. 69, 6 (2020)CrossRef
13.
go back to reference Ghanbarzadeh, A., Parsaeian, P., Morina, A., Wilson, M.C., van Eijk, M.C., Nedelcu, I., et al.: A semi-deterministic wear model considering the effect of zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate tribofilm. Tribol. Lett. 61, 1–15 (2016)CrossRef Ghanbarzadeh, A., Parsaeian, P., Morina, A., Wilson, M.C., van Eijk, M.C., Nedelcu, I., et al.: A semi-deterministic wear model considering the effect of zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate tribofilm. Tribol. Lett. 61, 1–15 (2016)CrossRef
14.
go back to reference Archard, J.: Contact and rubbing of flat surfaces. J. Appl. Phys. 24, 981–988 (1953)CrossRef Archard, J.: Contact and rubbing of flat surfaces. J. Appl. Phys. 24, 981–988 (1953)CrossRef
15.
go back to reference Akchurin, A., Bosman, R.: A deterministic stress-activated model for tribo-film growth and wear simulation. Tribol. Lett. 65, 59 (2017)CrossRef Akchurin, A., Bosman, R.: A deterministic stress-activated model for tribo-film growth and wear simulation. Tribol. Lett. 65, 59 (2017)CrossRef
16.
go back to reference Azam, A., Ghanbarzadeh, A., Neville, A., Morina, A., Wilson, M.C.: Modelling tribochemistry in the mixed lubrication regime. Tribol. Int. 132, 265–274 (2019)CrossRef Azam, A., Ghanbarzadeh, A., Neville, A., Morina, A., Wilson, M.C.: Modelling tribochemistry in the mixed lubrication regime. Tribol. Int. 132, 265–274 (2019)CrossRef
17.
go back to reference Chen, Z., Gu, C., Tian, T.: Modeling of formation and removal of ZDDP tribofilm on rough surfaces. Tribol. Lett. 69, 1–9 (2021)CrossRef Chen, Z., Gu, C., Tian, T.: Modeling of formation and removal of ZDDP tribofilm on rough surfaces. Tribol. Lett. 69, 1–9 (2021)CrossRef
18.
go back to reference Hardy, W.B., Doubleday, I.: Boundary lubrication—the paraffin series. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. A 100, 550–574 (1922)CrossRef Hardy, W.B., Doubleday, I.: Boundary lubrication—the paraffin series. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. A 100, 550–574 (1922)CrossRef
19.
go back to reference Buyanovskii, I.: Boundary lubrication by an adsorption layer. J. Frict. Wear 31, 33–47 (2010)CrossRef Buyanovskii, I.: Boundary lubrication by an adsorption layer. J. Frict. Wear 31, 33–47 (2010)CrossRef
20.
go back to reference Greenwood, J., Tripp, J.: The contact of two nominally flat rough surfaces. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. 185, 625–633 (1970)CrossRef Greenwood, J., Tripp, J.: The contact of two nominally flat rough surfaces. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. 185, 625–633 (1970)CrossRef
21.
go back to reference Pereira, G., Munoz-Paniagua, D., Lachenwitzer, A., Kasrai, M., Norton, P.R., Capehart, T.W., et al.: A variable temperature mechanical analysis of ZDDP-derived antiwear films formed on 52100 steel. Wear 262, 461–470 (2007)CrossRef Pereira, G., Munoz-Paniagua, D., Lachenwitzer, A., Kasrai, M., Norton, P.R., Capehart, T.W., et al.: A variable temperature mechanical analysis of ZDDP-derived antiwear films formed on 52100 steel. Wear 262, 461–470 (2007)CrossRef
22.
go back to reference Patir, N., Cheng, H.: An average flow model for determining effects of three-dimensional roughness on partial hydrodynamic lubrication. J. Lubr. Technol. 100, 12–17 (1978)CrossRef Patir, N., Cheng, H.: An average flow model for determining effects of three-dimensional roughness on partial hydrodynamic lubrication. J. Lubr. Technol. 100, 12–17 (1978)CrossRef
23.
go back to reference Roelands, C.J.A., Winer, W.O., Wright, W.A.: Correlational aspects of the viscosity-temperature-pressure relationship of lubricating oils(Dr In dissertation at Technical University of Delft, 1966). J. Lubr. Technol. 93, 209–210 (1971)CrossRef Roelands, C.J.A., Winer, W.O., Wright, W.A.: Correlational aspects of the viscosity-temperature-pressure relationship of lubricating oils(Dr In dissertation at Technical University of Delft, 1966). J. Lubr. Technol. 93, 209–210 (1971)CrossRef
24.
go back to reference Bowden, F.P., Leben, L.: The friction of lubricated metals. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. A 239, 1–27 (1940)CrossRef Bowden, F.P., Leben, L.: The friction of lubricated metals. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. A 239, 1–27 (1940)CrossRef
25.
go back to reference Bowden, F.P., Bowden, F.P., Tabor, D.: The Friction and Lubrication of Solids. Oxford University Press, Oxford (2001) Bowden, F.P., Bowden, F.P., Tabor, D.: The Friction and Lubrication of Solids. Oxford University Press, Oxford (2001)
26.
go back to reference Roshan, R., Priest, M., Neville, A., Morina, A., Xia, X., Warrens, C.P., et al.: Friction modelling in boundary lubrication considering the effect of MoDTC and ZDDP in engine oils. Tribol. Online 6, 301–310 (2011)CrossRef Roshan, R., Priest, M., Neville, A., Morina, A., Xia, X., Warrens, C.P., et al.: Friction modelling in boundary lubrication considering the effect of MoDTC and ZDDP in engine oils. Tribol. Online 6, 301–310 (2011)CrossRef
27.
go back to reference Patir, N., Cheng, H.: Application of average flow model to lubrication between rough sliding surfaces. J. Lubr. Technol. 101, 220–229 (1979)CrossRef Patir, N., Cheng, H.: Application of average flow model to lubrication between rough sliding surfaces. J. Lubr. Technol. 101, 220–229 (1979)CrossRef
28.
go back to reference Pasaribu, H., Lugt, P.M.: The composition of reaction layers on rolling bearings lubricated with gear oils and its correlation with rolling bearing performance. Tribol. Trans. 55, 351–356 (2012)CrossRef Pasaribu, H., Lugt, P.M.: The composition of reaction layers on rolling bearings lubricated with gear oils and its correlation with rolling bearing performance. Tribol. Trans. 55, 351–356 (2012)CrossRef
29.
go back to reference Nehme, G., Mourhatch, R., Aswath, P.B.: Effect of contact load and lubricant volume on the properties of tribofilms formed under boundary lubrication in a fully formulated oil under extreme load conditions. Wear 268, 1129–1147 (2010)CrossRef Nehme, G., Mourhatch, R., Aswath, P.B.: Effect of contact load and lubricant volume on the properties of tribofilms formed under boundary lubrication in a fully formulated oil under extreme load conditions. Wear 268, 1129–1147 (2010)CrossRef
30.
go back to reference Ueda, M., Kadiric, A., Spikes, H.: Influence of steel surface composition on ZDDP tribofilm growth using ion implantation. Tribol. Lett. 69, 62 (2021)CrossRef Ueda, M., Kadiric, A., Spikes, H.: Influence of steel surface composition on ZDDP tribofilm growth using ion implantation. Tribol. Lett. 69, 62 (2021)CrossRef
31.
go back to reference Ngo, D., He, X., Luo, H., Qu, J., Kim, S.H.: Competitive adsorption of ionic liquids versus friction modifier and anti-wear additive at solid/lubricant interface—speciation with vibrational sum frequency generation spectroscopy. Lubricants 8, 98 (2020)CrossRef Ngo, D., He, X., Luo, H., Qu, J., Kim, S.H.: Competitive adsorption of ionic liquids versus friction modifier and anti-wear additive at solid/lubricant interface—speciation with vibrational sum frequency generation spectroscopy. Lubricants 8, 98 (2020)CrossRef
32.
go back to reference Fujita, H., Glovnea, R., Spikes, H.: Study of zinc dialkydithiophosphate antiwear film formation and removal processes, part I: experimental. Tribol. Trans. 48, 558–566 (2005)CrossRef Fujita, H., Glovnea, R., Spikes, H.: Study of zinc dialkydithiophosphate antiwear film formation and removal processes, part I: experimental. Tribol. Trans. 48, 558–566 (2005)CrossRef
33.
go back to reference Bayat, R., Lehtovaara, A.: Tribofilm formation of simulated gear contact along the line of action. Tribol. Lett. 69, 1–11 (2021)CrossRef Bayat, R., Lehtovaara, A.: Tribofilm formation of simulated gear contact along the line of action. Tribol. Lett. 69, 1–11 (2021)CrossRef
34.
go back to reference Bec, S., Tonck, A., Georges, J.M., Coy, R.C., Bell, J.C., Roper, G.W.: Relationship between mechanical properties and structures of zinc dithiophosphate anti-wear films. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A: Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. 455, 4181–4203 (1999)CrossRef Bec, S., Tonck, A., Georges, J.M., Coy, R.C., Bell, J.C., Roper, G.W.: Relationship between mechanical properties and structures of zinc dithiophosphate anti-wear films. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A: Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. 455, 4181–4203 (1999)CrossRef
35.
go back to reference Aktary, M., McDermott, M.T., McAlpine, G.A.: Morphology and nanomechanical properties of ZDDP antiwear films as a function of tribological contact time. Tribol. Lett. 12, 155–162 (2002)CrossRef Aktary, M., McDermott, M.T., McAlpine, G.A.: Morphology and nanomechanical properties of ZDDP antiwear films as a function of tribological contact time. Tribol. Lett. 12, 155–162 (2002)CrossRef
36.
go back to reference Taylor, R.I.: Tribology and energy efficiency: from molecules to lubricated contacts to complete machines. Faraday Discuss. 156, 361–382 (2012)CrossRef Taylor, R.I.: Tribology and energy efficiency: from molecules to lubricated contacts to complete machines. Faraday Discuss. 156, 361–382 (2012)CrossRef
37.
go back to reference Demmou, K., Bec, S., Loubet, J.-L., Martin, J.-M.: Temperature effects on mechanical properties of zinc dithiophosphate tribofilms. Tribol. Int. 39, 1558–1563 (2006)CrossRef Demmou, K., Bec, S., Loubet, J.-L., Martin, J.-M.: Temperature effects on mechanical properties of zinc dithiophosphate tribofilms. Tribol. Int. 39, 1558–1563 (2006)CrossRef
38.
go back to reference Tse, J.S., Song, Y., Liu, Z.: Effects of temperature and pressure on ZDDP. Tribol. Lett. 28, 45–49 (2007)CrossRef Tse, J.S., Song, Y., Liu, Z.: Effects of temperature and pressure on ZDDP. Tribol. Lett. 28, 45–49 (2007)CrossRef
39.
go back to reference Bosman, R., Schipper, D.J.: Mild wear prediction of boundary-lubricated contacts. Tribol. Lett. 42, 169–178 (2011)CrossRef Bosman, R., Schipper, D.J.: Mild wear prediction of boundary-lubricated contacts. Tribol. Lett. 42, 169–178 (2011)CrossRef
41.
go back to reference Salinas Ruiz, V.R., Kuwahara, T., Galipaud, J., Masenelli-Varlot, K., Hassine, M.B., Héau, C., et al.: Interplay of mechanics and chemistry governs wear of diamond-like carbon coatings interacting with ZDDP-additivated lubricants. Nat. Commun. 12, 1–15 (2021)CrossRef Salinas Ruiz, V.R., Kuwahara, T., Galipaud, J., Masenelli-Varlot, K., Hassine, M.B., Héau, C., et al.: Interplay of mechanics and chemistry governs wear of diamond-like carbon coatings interacting with ZDDP-additivated lubricants. Nat. Commun. 12, 1–15 (2021)CrossRef
43.
go back to reference Al Sheikh Omar, A., Salehi, F.M., Farooq, U., Neville, A., Morina, A.: Effect of zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate replenishment on tribological performance of heavy-duty diesel engine oil. Tribol. Lett. 70, 24 (2022)CrossRef Al Sheikh Omar, A., Salehi, F.M., Farooq, U., Neville, A., Morina, A.: Effect of zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate replenishment on tribological performance of heavy-duty diesel engine oil. Tribol. Lett. 70, 24 (2022)CrossRef
44.
go back to reference Bai, L., Meng, Y., Zhang, V., Khan, Z.A.: Effect of surface topography on ZDDP tribofilm formation during running-in stage subject to boundary lubrication. Tribol. Lett. 70, 10 (2021)CrossRef Bai, L., Meng, Y., Zhang, V., Khan, Z.A.: Effect of surface topography on ZDDP tribofilm formation during running-in stage subject to boundary lubrication. Tribol. Lett. 70, 10 (2021)CrossRef
45.
go back to reference Ueda, M., Kadiric, A., Spikes, H.: Influence of steel surface composition on ZDDP tribofilm growth using ion implantation. Tribol. Lett. 69, 1–14 (2021)CrossRef Ueda, M., Kadiric, A., Spikes, H.: Influence of steel surface composition on ZDDP tribofilm growth using ion implantation. Tribol. Lett. 69, 1–14 (2021)CrossRef
46.
go back to reference Xu, D., Wang, C., Espejo, C., Wang, J., et al.: Understanding the friction reduction mechanism based on the molybdenum disulfide tribofilm formation and removal. Langmuir 34, 13523–13533 (2018)CrossRef Xu, D., Wang, C., Espejo, C., Wang, J., et al.: Understanding the friction reduction mechanism based on the molybdenum disulfide tribofilm formation and removal. Langmuir 34, 13523–13533 (2018)CrossRef
47.
go back to reference Mittal, P., Rai, H., Gosvami, N.N.: Microscopic tribology of ADC12 alloy under lubricant containing ZDDP and MoDTC using in situ AFM. Tribol. Lett. 69, 35 (2021)CrossRef Mittal, P., Rai, H., Gosvami, N.N.: Microscopic tribology of ADC12 alloy under lubricant containing ZDDP and MoDTC using in situ AFM. Tribol. Lett. 69, 35 (2021)CrossRef
48.
go back to reference Rydel, J.J., Pagkalis, K., Kadiric, A., Rivera-Díaz-del-Castillo, P.E.J.: The correlation between ZDDP tribofilm morphology and the microstructure of steel. Tribol. Int. 113, 13–25 (2016)CrossRef Rydel, J.J., Pagkalis, K., Kadiric, A., Rivera-Díaz-del-Castillo, P.E.J.: The correlation between ZDDP tribofilm morphology and the microstructure of steel. Tribol. Int. 113, 13–25 (2016)CrossRef
49.
go back to reference Rydel, J.J., Vegter, R., Rivera-Díaz-del-Castillo, P.: Tribochemistry of bearing steels: a new AFM method to study the material–tribofilm correlation. Tribol. Int. 98, 74–81 (2016)CrossRef Rydel, J.J., Vegter, R., Rivera-Díaz-del-Castillo, P.: Tribochemistry of bearing steels: a new AFM method to study the material–tribofilm correlation. Tribol. Int. 98, 74–81 (2016)CrossRef
50.
go back to reference Cyriac, F., Yi, T.X., Poornachary, S.K., Chow, P.S.: Behavior and interaction of boundary lubricating additives on steel and DLC-coated steel surfaces. Tribol. Int. 164, 107199 (2021)CrossRef Cyriac, F., Yi, T.X., Poornachary, S.K., Chow, P.S.: Behavior and interaction of boundary lubricating additives on steel and DLC-coated steel surfaces. Tribol. Int. 164, 107199 (2021)CrossRef
51.
go back to reference Dawczyk, J., Morgan, N., Russo, J., Spikes, H.: Film thickness and friction of ZDDP tribofilms. Tribol. Lett. 67, 1–15 (2019)CrossRef Dawczyk, J., Morgan, N., Russo, J., Spikes, H.: Film thickness and friction of ZDDP tribofilms. Tribol. Lett. 67, 1–15 (2019)CrossRef
52.
go back to reference Azam, A., Dorgham, A., Parsaeian, P., Morina, A., Neville, A., Wilson, M.C.: The mutual interaction between tribochemistry and lubrication: interfacial mechanics of tribofilm. Tribol. Int. 135, 161–169 (2019)CrossRef Azam, A., Dorgham, A., Parsaeian, P., Morina, A., Neville, A., Wilson, M.C.: The mutual interaction between tribochemistry and lubrication: interfacial mechanics of tribofilm. Tribol. Int. 135, 161–169 (2019)CrossRef
53.
go back to reference Zhao, Y., Geng, Z., Li, D., Wang, L., Lu, Z., Zhang, G.: An investigation on the tribological properties of graphene and ZDDP as additives in PAO4 oil. Diam. Relat. Mater. 120, 108635 (2021)CrossRef Zhao, Y., Geng, Z., Li, D., Wang, L., Lu, Z., Zhang, G.: An investigation on the tribological properties of graphene and ZDDP as additives in PAO4 oil. Diam. Relat. Mater. 120, 108635 (2021)CrossRef
54.
go back to reference Spikes, H.: Stress-augmented thermal activation: tribology feels the force. Friction 6, 1–31 (2018)CrossRef Spikes, H.: Stress-augmented thermal activation: tribology feels the force. Friction 6, 1–31 (2018)CrossRef
Metadata
Title
A Boundary Lubrication Model and Experimental Study Considering ZDDP Tribofilms on Reciprocating Friction Pairs
Authors
Bugao Lyu
Limin Zhang
Xianghui Meng
Chengen Wang
Publication date
01-06-2022
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Tribology Letters / Issue 2/2022
Print ISSN: 1023-8883
Electronic ISSN: 1573-2711
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11249-022-01607-1

Other articles of this Issue 2/2022

Tribology Letters 2/2022 Go to the issue

Premium Partners