Skip to main content
Top

2015 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

A Formalization of the Coach Problem

Authors : G. Y. R. Schropp, J-J. Ch. Meyer, S. Ramamoorthy

Published in: RoboCup 2014: Robot World Cup XVIII

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Coordination is an important aspect of multi-agent teamwork. In the context of robot soccer in the RoboCup Standard Platform League, our focus is on the coach as an external observer of the team, aiming to provide his teammates with effective tactical advice during matches. The coach problem can be approached from different angles: in order to adapt the behaviour of his teammates, he should at first be able to perform plan recognition on their observable actions. Furthermore, in providing them with appropriate advice, he should still adhere to the norms and regulations of the match to prevent penalties for his team. Also, when teammates’ profiles and attributes are unknown or the system is only partially observable, coordination should be more ‘ad hoc’ to ensure robustness of the Multi-Agent System (MAS). In this work, we present a formalization of the problem of designing a coach in robot soccer, employing a temporal deontic logical framework. The framework is based on agent organizations[10], in which social coordination and norms play an important part.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literature
1.
go back to reference Beetz, M., Bandouch, J., Gedikli, S.: Camera-based observation of football games for analyzing multi-agent activities. In: Proceedings of AAMAS 2006 (2006) Beetz, M., Bandouch, J., Gedikli, S.: Camera-based observation of football games for analyzing multi-agent activities. In: Proceedings of AAMAS 2006 (2006)
2.
go back to reference Bowling, M., McCracken, P.: Coordination and adaptation in impromptu teams. In: Proceedings of AAAI 2005, pp. 53–58 (2005) Bowling, M., McCracken, P.: Coordination and adaptation in impromptu teams. In: Proceedings of AAAI 2005, pp. 53–58 (2005)
3.
go back to reference Bui, H.H.: A general model for online probabilistic plan recognition. In: International Joint Conferences on AI, vol. 3, pp. 1309–1315 (2003) Bui, H.H.: A general model for online probabilistic plan recognition. In: International Joint Conferences on AI, vol. 3, pp. 1309–1315 (2003)
4.
go back to reference Carberry, S.: Techniques for plan recognition. User Model. User-Adap. Inter. 11, 31–48 (2001)CrossRefMATH Carberry, S.: Techniques for plan recognition. User Model. User-Adap. Inter. 11, 31–48 (2001)CrossRefMATH
5.
go back to reference Carmel, D., Markovitch, S.: Model-based learning of interaction strategies in multi-agent systems. J. Exp. Theor. Artif. Intell. 10(3), 309–332 (1998)CrossRefMATH Carmel, D., Markovitch, S.: Model-based learning of interaction strategies in multi-agent systems. J. Exp. Theor. Artif. Intell. 10(3), 309–332 (1998)CrossRefMATH
6.
go back to reference Charniak, E., Goldman, R.P.: A bayesian model of plan recognition. Artif. Intell. 64, 53–79 (1993)CrossRef Charniak, E., Goldman, R.P.: A bayesian model of plan recognition. Artif. Intell. 64, 53–79 (1993)CrossRef
7.
go back to reference RoboCup Technical Committee. Robocup standard platform league (nao) rule book (2013) RoboCup Technical Committee. Robocup standard platform league (nao) rule book (2013)
8.
go back to reference Dastani, M.M.: 2apl: a practical agent programming language. Auton. Agent. Multi-Agent Syst. 16(3), 214–248 (2008)CrossRef Dastani, M.M.: 2apl: a practical agent programming language. Auton. Agent. Multi-Agent Syst. 16(3), 214–248 (2008)CrossRef
9.
go back to reference Desheng, X., Keijan, X.: Role assignment, non-communicative multi-agent coordination in dynamic environments based on the situation calculus. In: Proceedings of the WRI Global Congress on Intelligent Systems, vol. 1, pp. 89–93 (2009) Desheng, X., Keijan, X.: Role assignment, non-communicative multi-agent coordination in dynamic environments based on the situation calculus. In: Proceedings of the WRI Global Congress on Intelligent Systems, vol. 1, pp. 89–93 (2009)
10.
go back to reference Dignum, V.: A model for organizational interaction: based on Agents, founded in Logic. Ph.D. Thesis, Utrecht University (2004) Dignum, V.: A model for organizational interaction: based on Agents, founded in Logic. Ph.D. Thesis, Utrecht University (2004)
11.
go back to reference Dignum, V., Vázquez-Salceda, J., Dignum, F.: OMNI: introducing social structure, norms and ontologies into agent organizations. In: Bordini, R.H., Dastani, M., Dix, J., El Fallah Seghrouchni, A. (eds.) PROMAS 2004. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 3346, pp. 181–198. Springer, Heidelberg (2005) CrossRef Dignum, V., Vázquez-Salceda, J., Dignum, F.: OMNI: introducing social structure, norms and ontologies into agent organizations. In: Bordini, R.H., Dastani, M., Dix, J., El Fallah Seghrouchni, A. (eds.) PROMAS 2004. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 3346, pp. 181–198. Springer, Heidelberg (2005) CrossRef
12.
go back to reference Esteva, M., Rodríguez-Aguilar, J.-A., Sierra, C., Garcia, P., Arcos, J.-L.: On the formal specification of electronic institutions. In: Sierra, C., Dignum, F.P.M. (eds.) AgentLink 2000. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 1991, pp. 126–147. Springer, Heidelberg (2001) CrossRef Esteva, M., Rodríguez-Aguilar, J.-A., Sierra, C., Garcia, P., Arcos, J.-L.: On the formal specification of electronic institutions. In: Sierra, C., Dignum, F.P.M. (eds.) AgentLink 2000. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 1991, pp. 126–147. Springer, Heidelberg (2001) CrossRef
13.
go back to reference Ferber, J., Gutknecht, O.: A meta-model for the analysis and design of organizations in multi-agent systems. In: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Multi-Agent Systems (ICMAS 1998) (1998) Ferber, J., Gutknecht, O.: A meta-model for the analysis and design of organizations in multi-agent systems. In: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Multi-Agent Systems (ICMAS 1998) (1998)
14.
go back to reference Genter, K., Agmon, N., Stone, P.: Role-based ad hoc teamwork. In: Proceedings of PAIR-11 (Workshop at AAAI) (2011) Genter, K., Agmon, N., Stone, P.: Role-based ad hoc teamwork. In: Proceedings of PAIR-11 (Workshop at AAAI) (2011)
15.
go back to reference Goultiaeva, A., Lespérance, Y.: Incremental plan recognition in an agent programming framework. In: Proceedings of Plan, Activity and Intent Recognition (PAIR) (2007) Goultiaeva, A., Lespérance, Y.: Incremental plan recognition in an agent programming framework. In: Proceedings of Plan, Activity and Intent Recognition (PAIR) (2007)
16.
go back to reference Grüninger, M., Fox, M.S.: Methodology for the design and evaluation of ontologies. In: Proceedings of the Workshop on Basic Ontological Issues in Knowledge Sharing, IJCAI 1995 (1995) Grüninger, M., Fox, M.S.: Methodology for the design and evaluation of ontologies. In: Proceedings of the Workshop on Basic Ontological Issues in Knowledge Sharing, IJCAI 1995 (1995)
17.
go back to reference Isik, M., Stulp, F., Mayer, G., Utz, H.: Coordination without negotiation in teams of heterogeneous robots. In: Lakemeyer, G., Sklar, E., Sorrenti, D.G., Takahashi, T. (eds.) RoboCup 2006: Robot Soccer World Cup X. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 4434, pp. 355–362. Springer, Heidelberg (2007) CrossRef Isik, M., Stulp, F., Mayer, G., Utz, H.: Coordination without negotiation in teams of heterogeneous robots. In: Lakemeyer, G., Sklar, E., Sorrenti, D.G., Takahashi, T. (eds.) RoboCup 2006: Robot Soccer World Cup X. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 4434, pp. 355–362. Springer, Heidelberg (2007) CrossRef
18.
go back to reference Dignum, F.P.M., Meyer, J.-J.C., Wieringa, R.J.: The role of deontic logic in the specification of information systems. In: Chomicki, J., Saake, G. (eds.) Logics for Databases and Information Systems, pp. 71–115. Kluwer Academics Publishers, Norwell (1996) Dignum, F.P.M., Meyer, J.-J.C., Wieringa, R.J.: The role of deontic logic in the specification of information systems. In: Chomicki, J., Saake, G. (eds.) Logics for Databases and Information Systems, pp. 71–115. Kluwer Academics Publishers, Norwell (1996)
19.
go back to reference Johnston, B., Yang, F., Mendoza, R., Chen, X., Williams, M.-A.: Ontology based object categorization for robots. In: Yamaguchi, T. (ed.) PAKM 2008. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 5345, pp. 219–231. Springer, Heidelberg (2008) CrossRef Johnston, B., Yang, F., Mendoza, R., Chen, X., Williams, M.-A.: Ontology based object categorization for robots. In: Yamaguchi, T. (ed.) PAKM 2008. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 5345, pp. 219–231. Springer, Heidelberg (2008) CrossRef
20.
go back to reference Kautz, H.A., Allen, J.F.: Generalized plan recognition. In: Proceedings of AAAI 1986, vol. 86, pp. 32–37 (1986) Kautz, H.A., Allen, J.F.: Generalized plan recognition. In: Proceedings of AAAI 1986, vol. 86, pp. 32–37 (1986)
21.
go back to reference Kok, J.R., Spaan, M.T.J., Vlassis, N.: Non-communicative multi-robot coordination in dynamic environments. Robot. Auton. Syst. 50(2–3), 99–114 (2005)CrossRef Kok, J.R., Spaan, M.T.J., Vlassis, N.: Non-communicative multi-robot coordination in dynamic environments. Robot. Auton. Syst. 50(2–3), 99–114 (2005)CrossRef
22.
go back to reference Levesque, H., Pirri, F., Reiter, R.: Foundations for the situation calculus. Comput. Inf. Sci. 3(18) (1998) Levesque, H., Pirri, F., Reiter, R.: Foundations for the situation calculus. Comput. Inf. Sci. 3(18) (1998)
23.
go back to reference Liao, L., Patterson, D.J., Fox, D., Kautz, H.: Learning and inferring transportation routines. Artif. Intell. 171(5–6), 311–331 (2007)CrossRefMATHMathSciNet Liao, L., Patterson, D.J., Fox, D., Kautz, H.: Learning and inferring transportation routines. Artif. Intell. 171(5–6), 311–331 (2007)CrossRefMATHMathSciNet
24.
go back to reference MacAlpine, P., Barrera, F., Stone, P.: Positioning to win: a dynamic role assignment and formation positioning system. In: Chen, X., Stone, P., Sucar, L.E., van der Zant, T. (eds.) RoboCup 2012. LNCS, vol. 7500, pp. 190–201. Springer, Heidelberg (2013) CrossRef MacAlpine, P., Barrera, F., Stone, P.: Positioning to win: a dynamic role assignment and formation positioning system. In: Chen, X., Stone, P., Sucar, L.E., van der Zant, T. (eds.) RoboCup 2012. LNCS, vol. 7500, pp. 190–201. Springer, Heidelberg (2013) CrossRef
25.
go back to reference Mohr, M., Krustrup, P., Bangsbo, J.: Match performance of high-standard soccer players with special reference to development of fatigue. J. Sports Sci. 21(7), 519–528 (2011)CrossRef Mohr, M., Krustrup, P., Bangsbo, J.: Match performance of high-standard soccer players with special reference to development of fatigue. J. Sports Sci. 21(7), 519–528 (2011)CrossRef
26.
go back to reference Odell, J.J., van Dyke Parunak, H., Fleischer, M.: The role of roles in designing effective agent organizations. In: Garcia, A.F., de Lucena, C.J.P., Zambonelli, F., Omicini, A., Castro, J. (eds.) SELMAS 2002. LNCS, vol. 2603, pp. 27–38. Springer, Heidelberg (2003) CrossRef Odell, J.J., van Dyke Parunak, H., Fleischer, M.: The role of roles in designing effective agent organizations. In: Garcia, A.F., de Lucena, C.J.P., Zambonelli, F., Omicini, A., Castro, J. (eds.) SELMAS 2002. LNCS, vol. 2603, pp. 27–38. Springer, Heidelberg (2003) CrossRef
27.
go back to reference Okouya, D., Dignum, V.: Operetta: a prototype tool for the design, analysis and development of multi-agent organizations (demo paper). In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (2008) Okouya, D., Dignum, V.: Operetta: a prototype tool for the design, analysis and development of multi-agent organizations (demo paper). In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (2008)
28.
go back to reference Opfer, S.: Towards description logic reasoning support for ALICA. Master’s thesis, Universität Kassel (2012) Opfer, S.: Towards description logic reasoning support for ALICA. Master’s thesis, Universität Kassel (2012)
29.
go back to reference Rao, A.S., Georgeff, M.P.: Modeling rational agents within a BDI-architecture. In: KR 1991, pp. 473–484 (1991) Rao, A.S., Georgeff, M.P.: Modeling rational agents within a BDI-architecture. In: KR 1991, pp. 473–484 (1991)
30.
go back to reference Reis, L.P., Lau, N.: COACH UNILANG - a standard language for coaching a (Robo)Soccer team. In: Birk, A., Coradeschi, S., Tadokoro, S. (eds.) RoboCup 2001. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 2377, pp. 183–192. Springer, Heidelberg (2002) CrossRef Reis, L.P., Lau, N.: COACH UNILANG - a standard language for coaching a (Robo)Soccer team. In: Birk, A., Coradeschi, S., Tadokoro, S. (eds.) RoboCup 2001. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 2377, pp. 183–192. Springer, Heidelberg (2002) CrossRef
31.
go back to reference Riley, P., Veloso, M.M.: Recognizing probabilistic opponent movement models. In: Birk, A., Coradeschi, S., Tadokoro, S. (eds.) RoboCup 2001. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 2377, pp. 453–458. Springer, Heidelberg (2002) CrossRef Riley, P., Veloso, M.M.: Recognizing probabilistic opponent movement models. In: Birk, A., Coradeschi, S., Tadokoro, S. (eds.) RoboCup 2001. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 2377, pp. 453–458. Springer, Heidelberg (2002) CrossRef
32.
go back to reference Saria, S., Mahadevan, S.: Probabilistic plan recognition in multiagent systems.In: Proceedings of ICAPS 2004, AAAI, pp. 287–296 (2004) Saria, S., Mahadevan, S.: Probabilistic plan recognition in multiagent systems.In: Proceedings of ICAPS 2004, AAAI, pp. 287–296 (2004)
33.
go back to reference Schropp, G.Y.R.: Agent organization framework for coordinated multi-robot soccer. Master’s thesis, Utrecht University (2014) Schropp, G.Y.R.: Agent organization framework for coordinated multi-robot soccer. Master’s thesis, Utrecht University (2014)
34.
go back to reference Sindlar, M.P., Dastani, M., Dignum, F.P.M., Meyer, J.-J.C.: Mental state abduction of BDI-based agents. In: Baldoni, M., Son, T.C., van Riemsdijk, M.B., Winikoff, M. (eds.) DALT 2008. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 5397, pp. 161–178. Springer, Heidelberg (2009) CrossRef Sindlar, M.P., Dastani, M., Dignum, F.P.M., Meyer, J.-J.C.: Mental state abduction of BDI-based agents. In: Baldoni, M., Son, T.C., van Riemsdijk, M.B., Winikoff, M. (eds.) DALT 2008. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 5397, pp. 161–178. Springer, Heidelberg (2009) CrossRef
35.
go back to reference Sindlar, M.P., Dastani, M.M., Meyer, J-J.Ch.: Programming mental state abduction.In: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, vol. 1, pp. 301–308 (2011) Sindlar, M.P., Dastani, M.M., Meyer, J-J.Ch.: Programming mental state abduction.In: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, vol. 1, pp. 301–308 (2011)
36.
go back to reference Stone, P., Veloso, M.: Task decomposition, dynamic role assignment, and low-bandwidth communication for real-time strategic teamwork. Artif. Intell. 110(2), 241–273 (1999)CrossRefMATH Stone, P., Veloso, M.: Task decomposition, dynamic role assignment, and low-bandwidth communication for real-time strategic teamwork. Artif. Intell. 110(2), 241–273 (1999)CrossRefMATH
37.
go back to reference Visser, U., Drücker, C., Hübner, S., Schmidt, E., Weland, H.-G.: Recognizing formations in opponent teams. In: Stone, P., Balch, T., Kraetzschmar, G.K. (eds.) RoboCup 2000. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 2019, pp. 391–396. Springer, Heidelberg (2001) CrossRef Visser, U., Drücker, C., Hübner, S., Schmidt, E., Weland, H.-G.: Recognizing formations in opponent teams. In: Stone, P., Balch, T., Kraetzschmar, G.K. (eds.) RoboCup 2000. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 2019, pp. 391–396. Springer, Heidelberg (2001) CrossRef
38.
go back to reference Weigel, T., Rechert, K., Nebel, B.: Behavior recognition and opponent modeling for adaptive table soccer playing. In: Furbach, U. (ed.) KI 2005. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 3698, pp. 335–350. Springer, Heidelberg (2005) CrossRef Weigel, T., Rechert, K., Nebel, B.: Behavior recognition and opponent modeling for adaptive table soccer playing. In: Furbach, U. (ed.) KI 2005. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 3698, pp. 335–350. Springer, Heidelberg (2005) CrossRef
39.
go back to reference Wooldridge, M., Jennings, N., Kinny, D.: The gaia methodology for agent-oriented analysis and design. J. Auton. Agent. Multi-Agent Syst. 3(3), 285–312 (2000)CrossRef Wooldridge, M., Jennings, N., Kinny, D.: The gaia methodology for agent-oriented analysis and design. J. Auton. Agent. Multi-Agent Syst. 3(3), 285–312 (2000)CrossRef
40.
go back to reference Zhu, G., Xu, C., Huang, Q., Gao, W.: Automatic multi-player detection and tracking in broadcast sports video using support vector machine and particle filter. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, pp. 1629–1632 (2006) Zhu, G., Xu, C., Huang, Q., Gao, W.: Automatic multi-player detection and tracking in broadcast sports video using support vector machine and particle filter. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, pp. 1629–1632 (2006)
Metadata
Title
A Formalization of the Coach Problem
Authors
G. Y. R. Schropp
J-J. Ch. Meyer
S. Ramamoorthy
Copyright Year
2015
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18615-3_28

Premium Partner