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2018 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

9. A Heuristic History of Global Development Governance Since the 1960s and Turkey

Author : Mehmet Emin Arda

Published in: Middle Powers in Global Governance

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

During the 1970s, developed and developing countries entered into a series of negotiations where the latter favoured an interventionist international economic system which would be governed by United Nations resolutions. After a decade of neoliberal dominance in the 1980s, new elements such as environment and individual welfare were introduced into the development debate in the 1990s. The negotiations gradually turned into the pursuit of partnerships among multiple stakeholders. Sustainable Development Goals reintroduced basic concerns such as economic transformation into international development discourse, complementing the overwhelming importance given to individual welfare in the Millennium Development Goals of the 2000s. Turkey seems more comfortable with the cooperative approach than the confrontational one.

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Footnotes
1
For extensive reviews, see (Jolly et al. 2004; Jolly 2013; Koehler 2015).
 
2
(All internet sources cited in this chapter have been accessed on 25 October 2017).
 
3
Argentina, for example, refused to sign, having staked a very strong anti-US position (Peterson 1964).
 
4
Although this term is not used any more, it was appropriate then.
 
5
Final Communiqué of the Asian-African conference of Bandung (24 April 1955), http://​franke.​uchicago.​edu/​Final_​Communique_​Bandung_​1955.​pdf
 
6
It was presented as a necessary act of solidarity stemming from historical ties with Algeria (part of the Ottoman Empire) and religious affinity. The sense that compassionate action is expected from Turkey, particularly by Islamic countries, and that it is Turkey’s responsibility and duty to respond, permeates the philosophy of Turkish cooperation with developing countries to this day.
 
7
The proclamation of “development decades” became almost a routine action by the UN until the Fourth Development Decade 1991–2000.
 
8
This seems to be a rather optimistic statement at that period of ferocious arms race.
 
9
CIA Report on the Conference is entitled “The Afro-Asian Solidarity Conference: An Analysis of Communist Strategy and Tactics” foreshadowing the later radicalization of the Third World. https://​www.​cia.​gov/​library/​readingroom/​docs/​CIA-RDP78-00915R0010002900​45-0.​pdf
 
12
China which can be considered in a similar situation historically aligned itself very closely with developing countries.
 
13
Rostow, Walt Whitman (1960), The Stages of Economic Growth: A Non-Communist Manifesto, Cambridge University Press.
 
14
Proceedings of the United Nations Conference on TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT, Geneva, 23 March—16 June 1964 Volume I FINAL ACT AND REPORT E/CONF.46/141, Vol. I http://​unctad.​org/​en/​Docs/​econf46d141vol1_​en.​pdf
 
15
The idea of Generalized System of Preferences (GSP), allowing preferential tariffs for imports from developing countries, was proposed at UNCTAD in 1964 and adopted by GATT contracting parties in 1971.
 
18
In 1980, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) also outlined the principles of a “new order” – New World Information and Communication Order.
 
22
Professional experience of the author who was a staff member of UNCTAD between 1980 and 2006 is the basis of information in various parts of this chapter.
 
26
UN Report of the International Conference on Financing for Development A/Conf.198/11New York 2012. http://​www.​un.​org/​ga/​search/​view_​doc.​asp?​symbol=​A/​CONF.​198/​11&​Lang=​E
 
33
The mid-term review of IPOA and World Humanitarian Summit are significant UN events, relevant to international development governance recently organized by Turkey.
 
Literature
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Metadata
Title
A Heuristic History of Global Development Governance Since the 1960s and Turkey
Author
Mehmet Emin Arda
Copyright Year
2018
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72365-5_9