Top

Published in:

2024 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

A Modified Rotating-Finger Test Aiming to Quantify Refractory Wear Based on Fundamental Equations Governing Refractory Dissolution and Erosion

Authors : Burhanuddin Burhanuddin, Harald Harmuth

Published in: Advances in Pyrometallurgy

Publisher: Springer Nature Switzerland

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config

AI-assisted search

Off

Abstract

Design of wear-resistant refractories necessitates an in-depth understanding and accurate quantification of the continuous wear. However, the experimental methods reported in the literature are mostly phenomenological and unable to reveal the physicochemical background of continuous wear. Main goals of this work are scientific investigation of continuous refractory wear and acquisition of data for quantitative simulation of continuous wear to design wear-resistant refractories. A modified rotating-finger test (RFT) device was equipped with high-resolution laser to scan the sample surface for dimension measurement. Generally, refractory dissolution in molten slag is controlled by diffusion through a boundary layer and diffusivity is the most important parameter to quantify dissolution. The data obtained from modified RFT studies were applied to accurately determine effective binary diffusivity using simulation method or mass transfer equation. Also, results of erosion studies were applied for inverse calculation of erosion parameters. Continuous wear of alumina in silicate slag will be exemplified here.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

previous chapter Study on Slag Phase Erosion Behavior and Mechanism of Carbon Composite Brick in Hydrogen-Rich Blast Furnace Hearth

next chapter Flexosphere Technology—Improved Flexibility and Corrosion Resistance of Fired Magnesia-Chromite Bricks

Reynaert C, Sniezek E, Jacek S (2020) Corrosion tests for refractory materials intended for the steel industry—a review. Ceram Silikaty 64:278–288. https://doi.org/10.13168/cs.2020.0017

Harmuth H, Vollmann S (2014) Refractory corrosion by dissolution in slags—challenges and trends of present fundamental research. Iron Steel Rev 58:157–170

Burhanuddin GJ, Harmuth H, Vollmann S (2022) Application of an improved testing device for the study of alumina dissolution in silicate slag. J Eur Ceram Soc 42:3652–3659. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2022.02.056CrossRef

Burhanuddin HH, Vollmann S (2022) Quantification of magnesia dissolution in silicate melts and diffusivity determination using rotating finger test. Appl Sci 12:12791. https://doi.org/10.3390/app122412791CrossRef

Amini SH, Brungs MP, Jahanshani S, Ostrovski O (2006) Effects of additives and temperature on dissolution rate and diffusivity of lime in Al₂O₃−CaO−SiO₂ based slags. Metall Mater Trans B 37:773–780. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-006-0059-yCrossRef

Deng T, Glaser B, Sichen D (2012) Experimental design for the mechanism study of lime dissolution in liquid slag. Steel Res Int 83:259–268. https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.201100258CrossRef

Cooper AR, Kingery WD (1964) Dissolution in ceramic systems: I, Molecular diffusion, natural convection, and forced convection studies of sapphire dissolution in calcium aluminum silicate. J Am Ceram Soc 47:37–43. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1964.tb14638.xCrossRef

Goriupp J, Rief A, Schenk J (2012) Quantifying of a dynamic refractory wear test setup for MgO-C products. BHM Berg- Huettenmaenn Monatsh 157:340–344. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00501-012-0028-5CrossRef

Liang Y, Huang A, Zhu X et al (2015) Dynamic slag/refractory interaction of lightweight Al₂O₃–MgO castable for refining ladle. Ceram Int 41:8149–8154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2015.03.026CrossRef

10.

Guo M, Jones PT, Parada S et al (2006) Degradation mechanisms of magnesia-chromite refractories by high-alumina stainless steel slags under vacuum conditions. J Eur Ceram Soc 26:3831–3843. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2005.12.025CrossRef

11.

Um H, Lee K, Kim K-Y et al (2014) Effect of carbon content of ferromanganese alloy on corrosion behaviour of MgO–C refractory. Ironmak Steelmak 41:31–37. https://doi.org/10.1179/1743281212Y.0000000098CrossRef

12.

Bui AH, Park SC, Chung IS, Lee HG (2006) Dissolution behavior of zirconia-refractories during continuous casting of steel. Met Mater Int 12:435–440. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03027711CrossRef

13.

Um H, Lee K, Choi J, Chung Y (2012) Corrosion behavior of MgO–C refractory in ferromanganese slags. ISIJ Int 52:62–67. https://doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.52.62CrossRef

14.

Jansson S, Brabie V, Jonsson P (2005) Corrosion mechanism and kinetic behaviour of MgO-C refractory material in contact with CaO−Al₂O₃−SiO₂−MgO slag. Scand J Metall 34:283–292. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0692.2005.00748.xCrossRef

15.

Jeon J, Kang Y, Park JH, Chung Y (2017) Corrosion-erosion behavior of MgAl₂O₄ spinel refractory in contact with high MnO slag. Ceram Int 43:15074–15079. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2017.08.034CrossRef

16.

Zuo H, Wang C, Liu Y (2017) Dissolution behavior of a novel Al₂O₃-SiC-SiO₂-C composite refractory in blast furnace slag. Ceram Int 43:7080–7087. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2017.02.138CrossRef

17.

Jiao K, Fan X, Zhang J et al (2018) Corrosion behavior of alumina-carbon composite brick in typical blast furnace slag and iron. Ceram Int 44:19981–19988. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.07.265CrossRef

18.

Hirata T, Morimoto T, Ohta S, Uchida N (2003) Improvement of the corrosion resistance of alumina-chromia ceramic materials in molten slag. J Eur Ceram Soc 23:2089–2096. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0955-2219(03)00023-2CrossRef

19.

Yu X, Pomfret RJ, Coley KS (1997) Dissolution of alumina in mold fluxes. Metall Mater Trans B 28:275–279. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-997-0094-3CrossRef

20.

Nightingale SA, Monaghan BJ, Brooks GA (2005) Degradation of MgO refractory in CaO−SiO₂−MgO−FeO_x and CaO−SiO₂−Al₂O₃−MgO−FeO_x slags under forced convection. Metall Mater Trans B 36:453–461. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-005-0036-xCrossRef

21.

Aneziris C, Pfaff E, Maier H (2000) Corrosion mechanisms of low porosity ZrO₂ based materials during near net shape steel casting. J Eur Ceram Soc 20:159–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0955-2219(99)00149-1CrossRef

22.

Chen L, Guo M, Shi H et al (2016) Effect of ZnO level in secondary copper smelting slags on slag/magnesia-chromite refractory interactions. J Eur Ceram Soc 36:1821–1828. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2016.02.004CrossRef

23.

Guo M, Parada S, Jones PT et al (2009) Interaction of Al₂O₃-rich slag with MgO-C refractories during VOD refining-MgO and spinel layer formation at the slag/refractory interface. J Eur Ceram Soc 29:1053–1060. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2008.07.063CrossRef

24.

Banda WK, Steenkamp JD, Matinde E (2020) An investigation into the wear mechanisms of carbon- and silicon carbide-based refractory materials by silicomanganese alloy. J South African Inst Min Metall 120:333–344. https://doi.org/10.17159/2411-9717/959/2020

25.

Jansson S, Brabie V, Jönsson P (2008) Corrosion mechanism of commercial doloma refractories in contact with CaO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂–MgO slag. Ironmak Steelmak 35:99–107. https://doi.org/10.1179/030192307X231595CrossRef

26.

Bui AH, Ha HM, Chung IS, Lee HG (2005) Dissolution kinetics of alumina into mold fluxes for continuous steel casting. ISIJ Int 45:1856–1863. https://doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.45.1856CrossRef

27.

Harmuth H, Burhanuddin (2022) Evaluation of CLSM measurements for dissolution studies—a case study investigating alumina dissolution in a silicate slag. Ceram Int 48:28174–28180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2022.06.120

28.

Calvo WA, Pena P, Tomba Martinez AG (2019) Post-mortem analysis of alumina-magnesia-carbon refractory bricks used in steelmaking ladles. Ceram Int 45:185–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.09.150CrossRef

29.

Liu J, Guo M, Jones PT et al (2007) In situ observation of the direct and indirect dissolution of MgO particles in CaO−Al₂O₃−SiO₂-based slags. J Eur Ceram Soc 27:1961–1972. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2006.05.107CrossRef

30.

Verhaeghe F, Liu J, Guo M et al (2007) Dissolution and diffusion behavior of Al₂O₃ in a CaO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂ liquid: An experimental-numerical approach. Appl Phys Lett 91:124104. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2786854CrossRef

31.

Guarco J, Burhanuddin VS, Harmuth H (2022) Method for determination of effective binary diffusivities in dissolution of dense ceramic materials. Ceram Int 48:7456–7463. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2021.11.264CrossRef

32.

Levich VG (1962) Physicochemical hydrodynamics. Prentice-Hal, Englewood Cliffs, N. J.,l

33.

Cochran WG (1934) The flow due to a rotating disc. Math Proc Cambridge Philos Soc 30:365–375. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305004100012561CrossRef

34.

Eisenberg M, Tobias CW, Wilke CR (1954) Ionic mass transfer and concentration polarization at rotating electrodes. J Electrochem Soc 101:306. https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2781252CrossRef

35.

Kosaka M, Minowa S (1966) Mass-transfer from solid metal cylinder into liquid metal. Tetsu-to-Hagane 52:1748–1762. https://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.52.12_1748CrossRef

36.

Tachibana F, Fukui S (1964) Convective heat transfer of the rotational and axial flow between two concentric cylinders. Bull JSME 7:385–391. https://doi.org/10.1299/jsme1958.7.385CrossRef

37.

Guarco J, Burhanuddin VS, Harmuth H (2022) Sherwood correlation for finger-test experiments. Results Eng 15:100610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2022.100610CrossRef

38.

Guarco J, Vollmann S, Harmuth H, Burhanuddin (2022) Method for inverse calculation of erosion parameters in slag-refractory systems. Mater Today Commun 33:1–10.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2022.104736

39.

Xin J, Gan L, Jiao L, Lai C (2017) Accurate density calculation for molten slags in SiO₂−Al₂O₃−CaO−MgO systems. ISIJ Int 57:1340–1349. https://doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.ISIJINT-2017-070CrossRef

40.

Kircher V, Burhanuddin HH (2021) Design, operation and evaluation of an improved refractory wear testing technique. Measurement 178:109429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2021.109429CrossRef

Title: A Modified Rotating-Finger Test Aiming to Quantify Refractory Wear Based on Fundamental Equations Governing Refractory Dissolution and Erosion
Authors: Burhanuddin Burhanuddin
Harald Harmuth
Publisher: Springer Nature Switzerland
Book: Advances in Pyrometallurgy
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-50175-3

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-031-50176-0

Copyright Year: 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50176-0_9

Springer Professional

Abstract

Please log in to get access to your license.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Technik"

Premium Partners