Introduction
Methods
Phenophase status as an indicator of phenology
Phenophase | Description |
---|---|
Bud appearance | Green closed flowers. |
Open Flower | Open or opening flower with petals at least partially open. |
Senescence | Petals have changed colour and are beginning to droop, are wilted, closing, or falling off. |
Fruit formation | The appearance of a hardened nodule within the flower, or the complete loss of all petals (depending on plant species). |
Seed broadcast | Fruits are cracked or open, or seeds fall out when shaken. |
Observation season and frequency
Study area and site selection
Field observation methods
Analysis
Species | Family | bud | flower | senescence | fruit | seed |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Babiana ambigua (Roem & Schult.) G.J. Lewis | Iridaceae | 0.13 | 0.37 | 0.61 | 0.87 | 1.00 |
Babiana nervosa (Lam.) Goldblatt & J.C. Manning | Iridaceae | 0.14 | 0.39 | 0.61 | 0.86 | 1.00 |
Baeometra uniflora (Jacq.) G.J. Lewis | Colchicaceae | 0.12 | 0.35 | 0.54 | 0.82 | 1.00 |
Geissorhiza aspera Goldblatt | Iridaceae | 0.11 | 0.33 | 0.58 | 0.85 | 1.00 |
Gladiolis alatus G.J. Lewis | Iridaceae | 0.06 | 0.25 | 0.50 | 0.81 | 1.00 |
Gladiolis carinatus Aiton | Iridaceae | 0.14 | 0.36 | 0.59 | 0.86 | 1.00 |
Moraea flaccida (Sweet) Steud. | Iridaceae | 0.10 | 0.28 | 0.51 | 0.83 | 1.00 |
Moraea miniata Andrews | Iridaceae | 0.13 | 0.40 | 0.69 | 0.92 | 1.00 |
Moraea neglecta G.J. Lewis | Iridaceae | 0.12 | 0.33 | 0.53 | 0.82 | 1.00 |
Moraea tripitala (L.f.) Ker Gawl. | Iridaceae | 0.11 | 0.32 | 0.54 | 0.82 | 1.00 |
Moraea vegeta L. | Iridaceae | 0.09 | 0.29 | 0.52 | 0.82 | 1.00 |
Pauridia capensis (L.) Snijman & Kocyan | Hypoxidaceae | 0.15 | 0.45 | 0.70 | 0.90 | 1.00 |
Pauridia serrata (Thunb.) Snijman & Kocyan | Hypoxidaceae | 0.12 | 0.38 | 0.67 | 0.90 | 1.00 |
Pterygodium catholicum (L.) Sw. | Orchidaceae | 0.23 | 0.60 | 0.87 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Romulea cruciata (Jacq.) Beg. | Iridaceae | 0.09 | 0.30 | 0.57 | 0.87 | 1.00 |
Romulea obscura Klatt | Iridaceae | 0.09 | 0.29 | 0.53 | 0.83 | 1.00 |
Romulea rosea (L.) Eckl. | Iridaceae | 0.11 | 0.43 | 0.72 | 0.91 | 1.00 |
Sparaxis bulbifera (L.) Ker Gawl | Iridaceae | 0.10 | 0.32 | 0.56 | 0.84 | 1.00 |
Sparaxis villosa (Burm.f.) Goldblatt | Iridaceae | 0.11 | 0.36 | 0.61 | 0.86 | 1.00 |
Orthogalum thyrsoides Jacq.
| Hyacinthaceae | 0.09 | 0.31 | 0.56 | 0.84 | 1.00 |
Wachendorfia multiflora (Klatt) J.C. Manning & Goldblatt | Haemodoraceae | 0.10 | 0.30 | 0.51 | 0.80 | 1.00 |
Results
Model Parameters | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Species | Mean start date (SE) | Standard deviation of start date (SE) | Duration (days) (SE) | Mean end date | Sample Size | ||||
Babiana ambigua
| 14 Aug | (1.8) | 13 | (3.4) | 57 | (3.7) | 11 Oct | 403 | |
Babiana nervosa
| 02 Sep | (1.2) | 11 | (2.1) | 57 | (1.8) | 30 Oct | 704 | |
Baeometra uniflora
| 12 Aug | (0.6) | 17 | (1.9) | 84 | (0.9) | 05 Nov | 9878 | * |
Geissorhiza aspera
| 27 Aug | (1.1) | 17 | (2.6) | 60 | (1.5) | 27 Oct | 2878 | |
Gladiolus alatus
| 25 Aug | (2.1) | 14 | (3.2) | 62 | (3.1) | 26 Oct | 0 | |
Gladiolus carinatus
| 29 Aug | (1.9) | 7 | (1.9) | 28 | (2.2) | 05 Sep | 0 | |
Moraea flaccida
| 20 Aug | (1.3) | 15 | (2.6) | 57 | (1.7) | 16 Oct | 2121 | |
Moraea miniata
| 26 Aug | (1.0) | 13 | (2.1) | 46 | (1.3) | 11 Oct | 1740 | |
Moraea neglecta
| 25 Aug | (2.5) | 19 | (4.0) | 85 | (3.5) | 18 Nov | 886 | ** |
Moraea tripetala
| 08 Aug | (7.8) | 18 | (6.5) | 91 | (10) | 07 Nov | 0 | |
Moraea vegeta
| 09 Aug | (0.9) | 14 | (2.1) | 69 | (1.3) | 16 Oct | 2302 | |
Ornithogalum thyrsoides
| 22 Sep | (1.1) | 9 | (1.8) | 52 | (1.6) | 14 Nov | 609 | ** |
Pauridia capensis
| 16 Aug | (7.7) | 34 | (11.4) | 98 | (11.8) | 22 Nov | 470 | ** |
Pauridia serrata
| 26 Aug | (4.4) | 19 | (6.4) | 47 | (7.0) | 12 Oct | 259 | |
Pterygodium catholicum
| 23 Aug | (0.7) | 8 | (1.3) | 57 | (1.1) | 19 Oct | 829 | *** |
Romulea cruciata
| 19 Aug | (1.4) | 12 | (2.5) | 61 | (2.1) | 19 Oct | 591 | |
Romulea obscura
| 23 Aug | (1.5) | 14 | (2.6) | 62 | (2.1) | 24 Oct | 932 | |
Sparaxis bulbifera
| 27 Aug | (0.4) | 15 | (1.5) | 62 | (0.6) | 28 Oct | 12005 | |
Sparaxis villosa
| 06 Aug | (1.4) | 10 | (1.9) | 65 | (1.7) | 09 Oct | 754 | |
Wachendorfia multiflora
| 31 Jul | (1.4) | 19 | (3.1) | 88 | (1.9) | 28 Oct | 2395 | |
All Species
|
14 Aug
|
(0.3)
|
19
|
(1.5)
|
77
|
(0.5)
|
30 Oct
|
41607
|