Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Quantum Information Processing 10/2017

01-10-2017

A novel quantum LSB-based steganography method using the Gray code for colored quantum images

Authors: Shahrokh Heidari, Ehsan Farzadnia

Published in: Quantum Information Processing | Issue 10/2017

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

As one of the prevalent data-hiding techniques, steganography is defined as the act of concealing secret information in a cover multimedia encompassing text, image, video and audio, imperceptibly, in order to perform interaction between the sender and the receiver in which nobody except the receiver can figure out the secret data. In this approach a quantum LSB-based steganography method utilizing the Gray code for quantum RGB images is investigated. This method uses the Gray code to accommodate two secret qubits in 3 LSBs of each pixel simultaneously according to reference tables. Experimental consequences which are analyzed in MATLAB environment, exhibit that the present schema shows good performance and also it is more secure and applicable than the previous one currently found in the literature.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literature
1.
go back to reference Gupta, S., Goyal, A., Bhushan, B.: Information hiding using least significant bit steganography and cryptography. Int. J. Educ. Comput. Sci. 6, 27–34 (2012)CrossRef Gupta, S., Goyal, A., Bhushan, B.: Information hiding using least significant bit steganography and cryptography. Int. J. Educ. Comput. Sci. 6, 27–34 (2012)CrossRef
2.
go back to reference Cox, I., Miller, M., Bloom, J., Fridrich, J., Kalker, T.: Digital Watermarking and Steganography. Morgan Kaufmann, Burlington (2007) Cox, I., Miller, M., Bloom, J., Fridrich, J., Kalker, T.: Digital Watermarking and Steganography. Morgan Kaufmann, Burlington (2007)
4.
go back to reference Venegas-Andraca, S.E., Bose, S.: Storing, processing, and retrieving an image using quantum mechanics. In: Proceedings of SPIE Conference of Quantum Information and Computation, vol. 5105, pp. 134–147 (2003) Venegas-Andraca, S.E., Bose, S.: Storing, processing, and retrieving an image using quantum mechanics. In: Proceedings of SPIE Conference of Quantum Information and Computation, vol. 5105, pp. 134–147 (2003)
6.
go back to reference Le, P., Dong, F., Hitora, K.: A flexible representation of quantum images for polynomial preparation, image compression, and processing operations. Quantum Inf. Process. 10(1), 63–84 (2011)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH Le, P., Dong, F., Hitora, K.: A flexible representation of quantum images for polynomial preparation, image compression, and processing operations. Quantum Inf. Process. 10(1), 63–84 (2011)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH
7.
go back to reference Sun, B., Iliyasu, A., Yan, F., Dong, F., Hitora, K.: An RGB multi-channel representation for images on quantum computers. J. Adv. Comput. Intell. Intell. Inform. 17(3), 404–417 (2013)CrossRef Sun, B., Iliyasu, A., Yan, F., Dong, F., Hitora, K.: An RGB multi-channel representation for images on quantum computers. J. Adv. Comput. Intell. Intell. Inform. 17(3), 404–417 (2013)CrossRef
8.
go back to reference Zhang, Y., Lu, K., Gao, Y., Wang, M.: NEQR: a novel enhanced quantum representation of digital images. Quantum Inf. Process. 12(8), 2833–2860 (2013)ADSMathSciNetCrossRefMATH Zhang, Y., Lu, K., Gao, Y., Wang, M.: NEQR: a novel enhanced quantum representation of digital images. Quantum Inf. Process. 12(8), 2833–2860 (2013)ADSMathSciNetCrossRefMATH
9.
10.
go back to reference Yuan, S., Mao, X., Xue, Y., Chen, L., Xiong, Q., Compare, A.: SQR: a simple quantum representation of infrared images. Quantum Inf. Process. 13(6), 1353–1379 (2014)ADSMathSciNetCrossRefMATH Yuan, S., Mao, X., Xue, Y., Chen, L., Xiong, Q., Compare, A.: SQR: a simple quantum representation of infrared images. Quantum Inf. Process. 13(6), 1353–1379 (2014)ADSMathSciNetCrossRefMATH
11.
go back to reference Abdolmaleky, M., et al.: Red–Green–Blue multi-channel quantum representation of digital images. Opt. Int. J. Light Electron Opt. 128, 121–132 (2017)CrossRef Abdolmaleky, M., et al.: Red–Green–Blue multi-channel quantum representation of digital images. Opt. Int. J. Light Electron Opt. 128, 121–132 (2017)CrossRef
12.
14.
go back to reference Jiang, N., Dang, Y., Zhao, N.: Quantum image location. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 55(10), 4501–4512 (2016)CrossRefMATH Jiang, N., Dang, Y., Zhao, N.: Quantum image location. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 55(10), 4501–4512 (2016)CrossRefMATH
15.
go back to reference Naseri, M., Heidari, S., Gheibi, R., Gong, L.H., Raji, M.A., Sadri, A.: A novel quantum binary images thinning algorithm: a quantum version of the Hilditch’s algorithm. Opt. Int. J. Light Electron Opt. 131, 678–686 (2017)CrossRef Naseri, M., Heidari, S., Gheibi, R., Gong, L.H., Raji, M.A., Sadri, A.: A novel quantum binary images thinning algorithm: a quantum version of the Hilditch’s algorithm. Opt. Int. J. Light Electron Opt. 131, 678–686 (2017)CrossRef
16.
go back to reference Yuan, S., Mao, X., Zhou, J., Wang, X.: Quantum image filtering in the spatial domain. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 56(8), 2495–2511 (2017) Yuan, S., Mao, X., Zhou, J., Wang, X.: Quantum image filtering in the spatial domain. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 56(8), 2495–2511 (2017)
17.
go back to reference Iliyasu, A., Le, P., Dong, F., Hitora, K.: Watermarking and authentication of quantum images based on restricted geometric transformations. Inf. Sci. 186(1), 126–149 (2012)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH Iliyasu, A., Le, P., Dong, F., Hitora, K.: Watermarking and authentication of quantum images based on restricted geometric transformations. Inf. Sci. 186(1), 126–149 (2012)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH
19.
go back to reference Song, X., Wang, S., Liu, S., Abd El-Latif, A., Niu, X.: A dynamic watermarking scheme for quantum images using quantum wavelet transform. Quantum Inf. Process. 12(2), 3689–3706 (2013)ADSMathSciNetCrossRefMATH Song, X., Wang, S., Liu, S., Abd El-Latif, A., Niu, X.: A dynamic watermarking scheme for quantum images using quantum wavelet transform. Quantum Inf. Process. 12(2), 3689–3706 (2013)ADSMathSciNetCrossRefMATH
20.
go back to reference Song, X., Wang, S., Abd El-Latif, A., Niu, X.: Dynamic watermarking scheme for quantum images based on Hadamard transform. Multimedia Syst. 20(4), 379–388 (2014)CrossRef Song, X., Wang, S., Abd El-Latif, A., Niu, X.: Dynamic watermarking scheme for quantum images based on Hadamard transform. Multimedia Syst. 20(4), 379–388 (2014)CrossRef
21.
go back to reference Jiang, N., Wang, L.: A novel strategy for quantum image steganography based on Moir pattern. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 54(3), 1021–1032 (2015)CrossRefMATH Jiang, N., Wang, L.: A novel strategy for quantum image steganography based on Moir pattern. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 54(3), 1021–1032 (2015)CrossRefMATH
22.
go back to reference Wang, S., et al.: Least significant qubit (LSQb) information hiding algorithm for quantum image. Measurement 73, 352–359 (2015)CrossRef Wang, S., et al.: Least significant qubit (LSQb) information hiding algorithm for quantum image. Measurement 73, 352–359 (2015)CrossRef
23.
go back to reference Jiang, N., Zhao, N., Wang, L.: LSB based quantum image steganography algorithm. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 55, 107–123 (2016)CrossRefMATH Jiang, N., Zhao, N., Wang, L.: LSB based quantum image steganography algorithm. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 55, 107–123 (2016)CrossRefMATH
24.
go back to reference Miyake, S., Nakamae, K.: A quantum watermarking scheme using simple and small-scale quantum circuits. Quantum Inf. Process. 15, 1849–1864 (2016)ADSMathSciNetCrossRefMATH Miyake, S., Nakamae, K.: A quantum watermarking scheme using simple and small-scale quantum circuits. Quantum Inf. Process. 15, 1849–1864 (2016)ADSMathSciNetCrossRefMATH
25.
go back to reference Heidari, S., Naseri, M.: A novel LSB based quantum image watermarking. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 55(10), 4205–4218 (2016)CrossRefMATH Heidari, S., Naseri, M.: A novel LSB based quantum image watermarking. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 55(10), 4205–4218 (2016)CrossRefMATH
27.
go back to reference Naseri, M., Heidari, S., et al.: A new secure quantum watermarking scheme. Opt. Int. J. Light Electron Opt. 139, 77–86 (2017)CrossRef Naseri, M., Heidari, S., et al.: A new secure quantum watermarking scheme. Opt. Int. J. Light Electron Opt. 139, 77–86 (2017)CrossRef
28.
go back to reference Heidari, S., Gheibi, R., Houshmand, M., Nagata, K.: A robust blind quantum copyright protection method for colored images based on owner’s signature. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 56(8), 2562–2578 (2017). doi:10.1007/s10773-017-3412-9 CrossRef Heidari, S., Gheibi, R., Houshmand, M., Nagata, K.: A robust blind quantum copyright protection method for colored images based on owner’s signature. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 56(8), 2562–2578 (2017). doi:10.​1007/​s10773-017-3412-9 CrossRef
29.
go back to reference Heidari, S., et al.: A new quantum watermarking based on quantum wavelet transforms. Commun. Theor. Phys. 67(6), 732–742 (2017)ADSCrossRef Heidari, S., et al.: A new quantum watermarking based on quantum wavelet transforms. Commun. Theor. Phys. 67(6), 732–742 (2017)ADSCrossRef
30.
go back to reference Ma, L., Lu, J.: Construction of controlled quantum counter. Chin. J. Quantum Electron. 20(1), 47–50 (2003) Ma, L., Lu, J.: Construction of controlled quantum counter. Chin. J. Quantum Electron. 20(1), 47–50 (2003)
31.
go back to reference Wang, D., Liu, Z.H., Zhu, W.N., Li, S.Z.: Design of quantum comparator based on extended general Toffoli gates with multiple targets. Comput. Sci. 39(9), 302–306 (2012) Wang, D., Liu, Z.H., Zhu, W.N., Li, S.Z.: Design of quantum comparator based on extended general Toffoli gates with multiple targets. Comput. Sci. 39(9), 302–306 (2012)
32.
go back to reference Chen, C.C., Chang, C.C.: LSB-based steganography using reflected Gray code. IEICE Trans. Inf. Syst. E91–D(4), 1110–1116 (2008)ADSCrossRef Chen, C.C., Chang, C.C.: LSB-based steganography using reflected Gray code. IEICE Trans. Inf. Syst. E91–D(4), 1110–1116 (2008)ADSCrossRef
33.
go back to reference Liu, Y., Chang, C.C., Chien, T.Y.: A revisit to LSB substitution based data hiding for embedding more information. In: Advances in Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing. Proceeding of the Twelfth International Conference on Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing, Nov., 21–23, 2016, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Volume 1, pp. 11–19. Springer International Publishing (2017) Liu, Y., Chang, C.C., Chien, T.Y.: A revisit to LSB substitution based data hiding for embedding more information. In: Advances in Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing. Proceeding of the Twelfth International Conference on Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing, Nov., 21–23, 2016, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Volume 1, pp. 11–19. Springer International Publishing (2017)
34.
go back to reference Jiang, N., Wang, L., Wu, W.Y.: Quantum Hilbert image scrambling. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 53(7), 2463–2484 (2014)CrossRefMATH Jiang, N., Wang, L., Wu, W.Y.: Quantum Hilbert image scrambling. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 53(7), 2463–2484 (2014)CrossRefMATH
35.
go back to reference Zhang, T., Ping, X.: Reliable Detection Of LSB Steganography Based On The Difference Image Histogram. In: Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, 2003 (ICASSP’03), vol. 3, p. III-545. IEEE (2003) Zhang, T., Ping, X.: Reliable Detection Of LSB Steganography Based On The Difference Image Histogram. In: Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, 2003 (ICASSP’03), vol. 3, p. III-545. IEEE (2003)
Metadata
Title
A novel quantum LSB-based steganography method using the Gray code for colored quantum images
Authors
Shahrokh Heidari
Ehsan Farzadnia
Publication date
01-10-2017
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Quantum Information Processing / Issue 10/2017
Print ISSN: 1570-0755
Electronic ISSN: 1573-1332
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11128-017-1694-8

Other articles of this Issue 10/2017

Quantum Information Processing 10/2017 Go to the issue