1 Introduction
2 Protocol of Experiments
2.1 Model and Variables
Nature | Name | Representation | Units | Domain |
---|---|---|---|---|
Input parameters | Laser power | P | W | [1680; 2000] |
Wire feed speed | WFS | m/min | [1,5; 2,1] | |
Tool speed | TS | m/min | [0,2; 0,8] | |
Outputs | Clad height | hc | mm | Measured |
Dilution height | hd | mm | ||
Clad width | wc | mm | ||
Dilution width | wd | mm | ||
Contact angle | α | ° | ||
Substrate displacement | d | mm |
2.2 Methods
2.3 Taguchi’s Experimental Design
N | Input parameters | Outputs | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
P (W) | WFS (m/min) | TS (m/min) | d (mm) | hc (mm) | hd (mm) | wc (mm) | wd (mm) | α (°) | |
1 | 1680 | 1.5 | 0.2 | 1.978 | 2.148 | 2.2033 | 5.151 | 6.939 | 75 |
2 | 1680 | 1.8 | 0.4 | 0.892 | 1.742 | 1.2847 | 3.832 | 4.873 | 76 |
3 | 1680 | 2.1 | 0.6 | 1.357 | 1.533 | 0.9797 | 3.493 | 4.067 | 87 |
4 | 1840 | 1.5 | 0.4 | 1.235 | 1.353 | 1.5443 | 4.480 | 5.633 | 55 |
5 | 1840 | 1.8 | 0.6 | 1.125 | 1.213 | 1.1723 | 3.878 | 4.826 | 56 |
6 | 1840 | 2.1 | 0.2 | 1.910 | 3.038 | 2.0567 | 4.306 | 6.320 | 103 |
7 | 2000 | 1.5 | 0.6 | 0.443 | 0.960 | 1.2713 | 4.345 | 5.232 | 39 |
8 | 2000 | 1.8 | 0.2 | 1.635 | 2.361 | 2.6157 | 5.726 | 7.592 | 72 |
9 | 2000 | 2.1 | 0.4 | 1.177 | 1.783 | 1.4057 | 4.493 | 5.571 | 71 |
3 Results and Analysis
3.1 Correlation Coefficient
Input parameters | Outputs | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
h
c
|
h
d
|
w
c
|
w
d
|
d
|
α
| |
P | −0.05 | 0.21 | 0.42* | 0.32 | −0.27 | 0.40* |
WFS | 0.45* | −0.11 | −0.31 | −0.20 | 0.26 | 0.69*** |
TS | −0.86*** | −0.91*** | −0.73*** | −0.87*** | −0.77*** | −0.50** |
3.2 Variance Analysis
Input | hc | hd | wc | wd | α | d | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
P | F | 0.94 | 3.60 | 4.63 | 9.25 | 15.63 | 1.45 |
p-value | 0.4811 | 0.1594 | 0.1210 | 0.0521 | 0.0259 | 0.3617 | |
WFS | F | 13.27 | 2.53 | 2.57 | 5.17 | 42.14 | 0.92 |
p-value | 0.0324 | 0.2269 | 0.2236 | 0.1068 | 0.0064 | 0.4882 | |
TS | F | 57.21 | 67.48 | 10.93 | 68.14 | 23.50 | 8.70 |
p-value | 0.0041 | 0.0032 | 0.0419 | 0.0032 | 0.0147 | 0.0564 |