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2014 | Book

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A Petrographic Atlas of Ophiolite

An example from the eastern India-Asia collision zone

Authors: Naresh Chandra Ghose, Nilanjan Chatterjee,  Fareeduddin

Publisher: Springer India

Part of: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

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About this book

The book is a thoughtful discussion with scientists studying convergent plate boundaries such as the well-known, active India-Eurasia collision zone. It provides a comprehensive collection of petrographic images of ophiolitic rocks exhumed from oceanic lithosphere and mantle at the India-Asia plate boundary. Ophiolite is exposed in the northwestern Himalayas, eastern Indian plate margin and Andaman-Nicobar Islands. At the eastern margin, it occurs in a narrow strip comprising mantle peridotite tectonite, cummulate peridotite-gabbro-plagiogranite-anorthosite, mafic dyke, volcanics and oceanic sediments. Low temperature/high pressure rocks including blueschists and eclogites were extensively studied recently. Ophiolite derived sediments and podiform chromites will also be discussed to provide complete details. Supplemental maps, geological sections, field sketches and photographs will explain the structure, stratigraphy, ore mineralization, and metamorphic history.

Table of Contents

Frontmatter

Description of Ophiolite Suites and the Naga Hills Ophiolite

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Introduction
Abstract
An ophiolite is a section of the oceanic lithosphere emplaced on continental crust or within the accretionary prism sediments of a subduction zone. Much of our knowledge of the vertical structure of the ocean floor comes from the study of ophiolite sequences. From bottom to top, a typical and complete ophiolite sequence comprises depleted mantle peridotite with tectonite at the base, layered ultramafic–mafic cumulates, massive (isotropic) gabbro, sheeted dikes and extrusive volcanic rocks represented by pillow basalts (Anonymous 1972; Coleman 1977).
Naresh Chandra Ghose, Nilanjan Chatterjee, Fareeduddin
Chapter 2. Ophiolite Around the Indian Plate Margin
Abstract
Ophiolite and ophiolitic rocks were emplaced along the western, northern and eastern margins of the Indian plate during the northward movement of the Indian plate and the collision of the Indian continental block first with intra-oceanic island arcs within the Neotethys, and then with the Helmand and Kabul continental blocks to the west (Tapponnier et al. 1981), the Asian continental block to the north (Gansser 1964) and the Myanmar continental block to the east (Mitchell 1993)
Naresh Chandra Ghose, Nilanjan Chatterjee, Fareeduddin
Chapter 3. Geology of the Naga Hills Ophiolite
Abstract
The NE–SW-oriented Naga Hills, constituting the northern part of the Indo-Myanmar Ranges (IMR) in the northeast Indian states of Manipur, Nagaland, parts of Arunachal Pradesh and the adjoining areas of western Myanmar, is known for the occurrence of ophiolitic rocks within a narrow arcuate zone along the middle of the belt.
Naresh Chandra Ghose, Nilanjan Chatterjee, Fareeduddin
Chapter 4. Structure and Tectonics of the Naga Hills
Abstract
The evolution of the NHO is linked with the fragmentation and dispersion of Gondwana (protocontinent of the southern hemisphere) and its subsequent collision and amalgamation with Eurasia during Meso-Cenozoic time. The post-fragmentation history of Gondwana and its unification with Eurasia is responsible for shaping the present physiographic configuration of southern Europe and Southeast Asia, including larger tracts of the Russian Federation and China.
Naresh Chandra Ghose, Nilanjan Chatterjee, Fareeduddin
Chapter 5. Petrography
Abstract
The textural relations among minerals are shown in optical photomicrographs. Unless specified otherwise, the photomicrographs were collected in the plane-polarised, transmitted light mode. A few backscattered electron images were also collected with the electron microprobe to supplement the optical microscope images.
Naresh Chandra Ghose, Nilanjan Chatterjee, Fareeduddin
Chapter 6. Petrogenesis
Abstract
The average composition of peridotite from the ophiolite belt in Manipur shows high MgO(32.0 wt.%), Al2O3 (1.28–3.30 wt.%),Ni (1966 ppm),Cr (2005 ppm)and Co (130 ppm) and low TiO2 (0.12 wt.%), CaO (6.56 wt.%), Na2O (0.44 wt.%) and K2O (0.07 wt.%) (Singh et al. 2010; Singh 2013).
Naresh Chandra Ghose, Nilanjan Chatterjee, Fareeduddin

Photomicrographs and Backscattered Electron Images

Frontmatter
Chapter 7. Peridotite Tectonite
Abstract
Highly fractured olivine showing strain shadow adjacent to Cr-spinel grains in dunite between crossed polars. The fractures are filled with serpentine (384/79-1).
Naresh Chandra Ghose, Nilanjan Chatterjee, Fareeduddin
Chapter 8. Spinel Peridotite
Abstract
Spinel harzburgite consisting of serpentinised olivine, non-pleochroic orthopyroxene and partially resorbed Cr-spinel with inclusions of serpentine (M77/20-2)
Naresh Chandra Ghose, Nilanjan Chatterjee, Fareeduddin
Chapter 9. Pyroxenite
Naresh Chandra Ghose, Nilanjan Chatterjee, Fareeduddin
Chapter 10. Serpentinite
Naresh Chandra Ghose, Nilanjan Chatterjee, Fareeduddin
Chapter 11. Rodingite
Naresh Chandra Ghose, Nilanjan Chatterjee, Fareeduddin
Chapter 12. Chromitite
Abstract
Plate Chr-1: Brecciated olivine with euhedral chromite and a vein of serpentine containing granular opaque magnetite in harzburgite tectonite. (380/79-3)
Naresh Chandra Ghose, Nilanjan Chatterjee, Fareeduddin
Chapter 13. Peridotite Cumulate
Abstract
Plate Pc-1 Small grains of olivine remnants and opaque in serpentinised dunite. The olivine grains show uniform extinction indicating absence of strain (126/80-2)
Naresh Chandra Ghose, Nilanjan Chatterjee, Fareeduddin
Chapter 14. Gabbro
Abstract
Plate G-1: Olivine gabbro between crossed polars showing a large grain of plagioclase surrounded by olivine and clinopyroxene in equilibrium. The plagioclase is saussuritised and the olivine is partly serpentinised. The plagioclase contains an olivine inclusion (158/80-2).
Naresh Chandra Ghose, Nilanjan Chatterjee, Fareeduddin
Chapter 15. Plagiogranite
Abstract
Plate PG-1: Hypidiomorphic granular texture in tonalite between crossed polars consisting of twinned plagioclase, quartz, amphibole, chlorite and epidote. Chlorite is more abundant than amphibole (M-1-3).
Naresh Chandra Ghose, Nilanjan Chatterjee, Fareeduddin
Chapter 16. Anorthosite
Naresh Chandra Ghose, Nilanjan Chatterjee, Fareeduddin
Chapter 17. Dolerite
Naresh Chandra Ghose, Nilanjan Chatterjee, Fareeduddin
Chapter 18. Mafic Volcanics
Abstract
Pseudomorph of chlorite + epidote after olivine phenocryst in porphyritic olivine basalt. The fine-grained groundmass shows an intersertal to intergranular texture (230/79-2).
Naresh Chandra Ghose, Nilanjan Chatterjee, Fareeduddin
Chapter 19. Basaltic Hyaloclastite
Abstract
Plate Hy-1: Folded carbonate and quartz veins (white) in a glassy groundmass of fragmented hyaloclastite dissected by micro-shear. The carbonates are intermixed with chlorite in the lower left corner (19/79-1).
Naresh Chandra Ghose, Nilanjan Chatterjee, Fareeduddin
Chapter 20. Volcaniclastics
Abstract
Fine tuff (ash) between crossed polars containing fine particles of quartz, orange glass and amygdule. Late silica veins runs through quartz particles. (86/80-1)
Naresh Chandra Ghose, Nilanjan Chatterjee, Fareeduddin
Chapter 21. Very-Low Grade Metamorphics
Abstract
Plate Vlgm-1: Very-low grade, zeolite facies metamorphite between crossed polars containing spherulitic natrolite, twinned albite, epidote, green chlorite and opaque. (K-79-7)
Naresh Chandra Ghose, Nilanjan Chatterjee, Fareeduddin
Chapter 22. Greenschist
Abstract
Greenschist consisting of actinolite, chlorite, albite, epidote and quartz. The amphiboles impart lineation(23/80-1)
Naresh Chandra Ghose, Nilanjan Chatterjee, Fareeduddin
Chapter 23. Glaucophane Schist
Naresh Chandra Ghose, Nilanjan Chatterjee, Fareeduddin
Chapter 24. Eclogite
Naresh Chandra Ghose, Nilanjan Chatterjee, Fareeduddin
Chapter 25. Oceanic Sediments
Abstract
Pressure solution fracture in tuffaceous sediment. Slippage and plastic flow developed by ino-silicates under stress such that the strain is limited to a secondary fabric. (507/79-1).
Naresh Chandra Ghose, Nilanjan Chatterjee, Fareeduddin
Chapter 26. Cover Sediments (Jopi Formation)
Abstract
Plate Ptb-1: Fragment of brown lithic clast (rhyolite) in polymictic tuff breccia containing fine clasts of (a) serpentinite, (b) radiolarian chert and (c) foraminifera. The brown lithic clast is bordered by a girdle of rounded ortho- and clino-pyroxenes (d) and chert grains succeeded by a short band of radiolarian chert, a long band of trachyte (e) with particles of shale/argillite, and (f) lapillus. (C21/79-4)
Naresh Chandra Ghose, Nilanjan Chatterjee, Fareeduddin
Chapter 27. Late Tertiary Granites
Abstract
Plate Ltg-1 Late felsic intrusive under crossed polars showing post-crystalline deformation with parallel orientation of quartz and feldspar grains. Plagioclase is saussuritised and twinned. K-feldspar, muscovite and epidote are minor constituents of the rock (369/70-2)
Naresh Chandra Ghose, Nilanjan Chatterjee, Fareeduddin
Chapter 28. Metamorphics of the Nimi Formation
Abstract
Plate Nimi-1 Elongated tabular crystals of staurolite and muscovite flakes along foliation in chlorite-biotite-muscovite-garnet-staurolite schist with quartz and feldspar from the Nimi Formation at the eastern tectonic margin of the NHO. Staurolite is strongly pleochroic and possibly formed by reactions involving chlorite, muscovite and garnet (32/80-3)
Naresh Chandra Ghose, Nilanjan Chatterjee, Fareeduddin
Backmatter
Metadata
Title
A Petrographic Atlas of Ophiolite
Authors
Naresh Chandra Ghose
Nilanjan Chatterjee
Fareeduddin
Copyright Year
2014
Publisher
Springer India
Electronic ISBN
978-81-322-1569-1
Print ISBN
978-81-322-1568-4
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1569-1